摘要:
In a method for laser drilling holes in a substrate, a laser beam is provided having a be spot diameter which is smaller than a diameter of a hole to be drilled. The laser beam is aligned to a new hole to be drilled, and a beam axis directed in a jump direction predefined by a starting position to a center of the hole to be drilled. The beam axis is directed in a defined radial traversing movement away from the center and onto a defined circular path. The angular direction of the traversing movement is defined as a function of the jump direction such that any change in direction of the beam axis at the center does not exceed a predefined maximum angle or else the direction is maintained.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method for determining the focal position of a laser beam, according to which a plurality of linear patterns are first created on the surface of a sample substrate by the laser beam, the distance between the laser and the substrate surface being gradually modified. The width of the individual lines is then measured and the line having the smallest width is determined. The vertical setting associated with the smallest line width is evaluated and stored as the focal setting of the machine.
摘要:
The present invention relates to organopolysiloxane-containing compositions which are self-dispersing in water, their preparation and their use. The compositions of the present invention are suitable for all uses where organosilicon compounds, especially in water-diluted form, can be employed. Such uses include uses as water repellant agents on building materials.
摘要:
Water-repellent plaster compositions comprising the constituents(A) 100 parts by weight of gypsum plaster,(B) from 0.05 to 50 parts by weight of oxide or hydroxide of alkali or alkaline earth metals or a mixture thereof, and(C) from 0.05 to 20 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane which has hydroxyl and/or alkoxy groups bonded to silicon atoms.
摘要:
Aqueous emulsions of (A) an organopolysiloxane comprising aliphatic radicals that are bonded to silicon via oxygen which have a molecular weight of at least 620 g/mol, and (B) an emulsifier containing a salt of a water-soluble organic or inorganic acid and a polysiloxane which contains siloxane units having monovalent SiC-bonded radicals with basic nitrogen, in which the basic nitrogen is present in an amount of at least 0.5 percent by weight based on the weight of the polysiloxane, and not more than 5 percent by weight of a water-soluble solvent or octanols, based on the weight of the emulsifier (B).These emulsions may be used to impart hydrophobic properties to mineral substances by applying the emulsions to the mineral substances after they have been molded. These emulsions may also be used to impart hydrophobic properties to inorganic binding agents or they may be used as binding agents for inorganic fibrous materials or as binding agents in aqueous paints.
摘要:
Arrangement for the prevention of crack formations at the inside surfaces of feedwater line nozzles (13) which open into pressure vessels, especially nuclear reactor pressure vessels or steam generators. The feedwater is introduced into the water/steam space (II) of the pressure vessel (DE) via a substantially horizontal line section (140) and a rising line section (141) following downstream thereof up to the overflow edges U at the end of the flow travel of the rising line section (141). From there, the feedwater is admixed to the medium in the water/steam space (II) or the descent space (8) of the pressure vessel (DE) via a downward-directed line section (141) and optionally, via a ring feedline (12) connected thereto. This prevents temperature stratification due to backflow of warmer water in the nozzle. It is important here to make the ratio A.sub.n /D.sub.i as small as possible. In practice it has been found to be feasible to provide a ratio which is approximately within the limits 0.5 and 2. (A.sub.n) here refers to the horizontal distance of the pressure vessel inside wall from the center line (M.sub.u) going through the center of gravity of that cross-sectional surface which is defined by the overflow edges (U). (D.sub.i) refers to the inside diameter of the feedwater line opening into the pressure vessel.
摘要:
A switch-over device is disclosed for selectively switching a linearly polarized input laser beam to a first output laser beam or to a second output laser beam. The switch-over device includes a primary optical switch-over element having a primary optical element for selectively rotating the polarization direction of the input laser beam and a downstream primary polarization-dependent reflector which guides the input laser beam depending on its polarization direction to a first course of ray or to a second course of ray. In each of the two courses of ray, a further optical switch-over element is respectively provided which includes a secondary optical element for selectively rotating the polarization direction of the respective laser beam and a secondary polarization-dependent reflector which guides the respective laser beam depending on its polarization direction to an output laser beam. Furthermore, a laser machining device is disclosed, including a laser beam switch-over device as mentioned above.
摘要:
The building compositions comprise hydrophobicizing powders which contain A) silica as support material and B) a hydrophobicizing component which is liquid at 10° C. and comprises B1) one or more organosilicon compound(s) and, if desired, B2) solvent and/or B3) water and emulsifier, with the proviso that the powders contain from 5 to 80% by weight of organosilicon compound, based on the total weight of the powder.
摘要:
Plaster is rendered water-repellent by impregnation with organosiloxanes containing Si-bonded hydrogen atoms and with alkali metal silicate. In particular, the water-repellent action is improved in the case of shaped plaster articles treated at high drying temperatures.
摘要:
Plastic foams are prepared by reacting a compound containing Si-bonded hydrogen and at least one SiC-bonded radical having a basic nitrogen atom in the same molecule with a hydroxyl-containing compound.