The invention discloses a wheel edge driving system and a vehicle. The wheel edge driving system comprises a wheel edge motor and a speed reducer connected with the wheel edge motor, wherein the speedreducer comprises a first shaft, a second shaft and a third shaft; a transmitted first speed reduction gear set is arranged between the first shaft and the second shaft; a transmitted second speed reduction gear set is arranged between the second shaft and the third shaft; a first adapter which carries out selective adaption is arranged between the first shaft and the third shaft; the first speedreduction gear set comprises a first driving gear and a first driven gear, wherein the first driving gear and the first driven gear are meshed; the first driving gear is arranged on the first shaft;the first driven gear is fixedly arranged on the second shaft; and a one-way clutch which permits the first shaft to be transmitted to the second shaft is arranged between the first driving gear and the first shaft. Therefore, through the cooperation of the wheel edge motor and the speed reducer, the transmission efficiency of the wheel edge driving system can be improved, and in addition, the wheel edge driving system has a simple structure and is easy in production and manufacture.