The invention discloses a preparation method for a TiAl/TMCs layered composite material, and belongs to the field of composite materials. According to the preparation method, on the basis that the high-temperature performance of a TiAl-based alloy is kept or slightly reduced, the problems of low room-temperature strength and poor toughness of the TiAl-based alloy can be solved. The preparation method comprises the following steps that 1, firstly, titanium alloy powder and reinforced phase particles are uniformly mixed by utilizing a low-energy ball milling technology so as to obtain titanium-based composite material (TMCs) powder; 2, then TiAl alloy powder and the TMCs powder are alternately spread and placed in a graphite mold in a layered mode by using a self-made laminated powder spreading device so as to obtain a layered powder blank; and 3, finally, the TiAl/TMCs layered composite material is prepared by utilizing a spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The preparation method has the advantage that a structural material with high strength, light weight and heat resistance is provided for aerospace.