The invention discloses an axle load analog control device and method based on a brake test-bed lifting height and axle loading force correlation model. A roller brake test-bed comprises electrically-controlled mechanical automatic locking systems (A), guiding devices (B), a brake test-bed lifting height monitoring device (C), a roller brake test-bed lifting device (D), a data collecting and processing system and a control system. The brake test-bed body is controlled to be lifted according to the correlation between brake test-bed lifting height x and axle loading force F, namely, the x-F correlation model, and then analog loading is carried out on an axle under test, wherein the applied axle load can be accurately and automatically controlled; rigid connection between the brake test-bed and a lifting rack is achieved through the electrically-controlled mechanical automatic locking systems, the influence factor of flexible deformation of air bags is eliminated, and the purpose of accurately detecting the brake performance of vehicles on the loading brake test-bed is achieved. By means of the axle load analog control device and method, the brake performance of multi-axle vehicles can be rapidly and accurately detected. The device is widely applied to vehicle detection, test and scientific research institutions.