The invention relates to a device for comparing the test performance of the force measuring locking anchor pipes of a tunnel and a test method. The device is convenient to install and easy to operate. The device can be used for fast verifying the test performance of the force measuring locking anchor pipe with an optical fiber grating buried therein and can be applied to the detection of the test performance of force measuring devices such as tube type force measuring devices and rod type force measuring devices. According to the technical schemes of the invention, the device of the invention includes a force measuring locking anchor pipe with an optical fiber grating buried therein, a force measuring locking anchor pipe with resistance strain gauges pasted therein, a loading ring and a supporting frame, wherein the loading ring and the supporting frame are applied to comparison. The two kinds of force measuring locking anchor pipes are arranged on the supporting frame, so that step-by-step loading tests are carried out, and the measurement results of the tests of the force measuring locking anchor pipes are compared with theoretical values, and therefore, the test performance of the two kinds of the force measuring locking anchor pipes can be analyzed and evaluated.