Provided is a fast estimation method of complex Gaussian model parameters based on a component separation method; and the invention relates to the fast estimation method of the complex Gaussian model parameters. An object of the invention is to solve the problems that the estimation of the complex Gaussian distribution model parameters is low in efficiency and large in calculated quantity at present; accordingly, the fast estimation method of the complex Gaussian model parameters based on the component separation method is provided. The fast estimation method of the complex Gaussian model parameters based on the component separation method comprises the following steps: the first step, utilizing a correlation time filter to separate a modulation component and a speckle component of a complex Gaussian distribution; the second step, utilizing an SISE method to estimate a scale parameter b1 of the modulation component and a scale parameter b2 of the speckle component; the third step, utilizing a maximum likelihood method to estimate a scale parameter a1 and a shape parameter v1 of a Gamma distribution of the modulation component, as well as a scale parameter a2 and a shape parameter v2 of a Gamma distribution of the speckle component,; and the fourth step, multiplying the scale parameter a1 of the modulation component with the scale parameter a2 of the speckle component for obtaining a scale parameter a of the complex Gaussian distribution. The fast estimation method of the complex Gaussian model parameters based on the component separation method is applied to the field of radars.