公开(公告)号：US06822648B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-23

申请号：US10123364

申请日：2002-04-16

Applicant: Todd Joseph Furlong ,  John Franklin Ebersole, Jr. ,  John Franklin Walker ,  John Franklin Ebersole

Inventor： Todd Joseph Furlong ,  John Franklin Ebersole, Jr. ,  John Franklin Walker ,  John Franklin Ebersole

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/40

Abstract: The purpose of the invention is to create a method to allow a real person or movable physical object to occlude virtual objects in a augmented reality application using a single tracking data sensor for objects or only head tracking data for a real person. The method involves occluding virtual objects with a real world human in augmented reality. The method comprises creating an orthogonal plane billboard with soft texture edges representing a user's head; creating an orthogonal plane billboard with soft texture edges representing a user's torso; positioning and orienting the head billboard using motion tracker data; positioning and orienting the torso billboard relative to the head billboard; displaying the head and torso billboards in real-time 3-D to correspond to the location of a real person; and mixing the resulting image with a live image of a real person.

Abstract translation: 本发明的目的是创建一种方法，以允许真实人物或可移动物理对象在增强现实应用中使用用于对象的单个跟踪数据传感器或仅用于真人的头部跟踪数据来遮挡虚拟对象。 该方法涉及在增强现实中将现实世界中的虚拟物体遮挡住。 该方法包括创建具有表示用户头部的柔和纹理边缘的正交平面广告牌; 创建具有表示用户躯干的柔和纹理边缘的正交平面广告牌; 使用运动跟踪器数据定位和定向头部广告牌; 相对于头部广告牌定位和定向躯干广告牌; 显示实时3-D的头部和躯干广告牌，以对应于真实人物的位置; 并将得到的图像与真实人物的实时图像混合。

公开(公告)号：US06744433B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-01

申请号：US09945444

申请日：2001-08-31

Applicant: Rui M. Bastos ,  Cass W. Everitt ,  Mark J. Kilgard

Inventor： Rui M. Bastos ,  Cass W. Everitt ,  Mark J. Kilgard

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/40

Abstract: A system and method are provided for using information from at least one depth layer and for collecting information about at least one additional depth layer utilizing a graphics pipeline. Initially, constraining depth layers are provided which, in turn, define a plurality of depth constraints. Next, a plurality of tests is performed involving the constraining depth layers for collecting information about at least one additional depth layer. The information relating to the at least one depth layer may then be used to improve processing in the graphics pipeline. By the foregoing multiple tests, information relating to a plurality of depth layers may be collected during each of a plurality of rendering passes. Initially, information relating to the constraining depth layers and associated depth constraints is provided in the aforementioned manner. Thereafter, information relating to at least one additional depth layer is collected during additional rendering passes using multiple tests on each rendering pass. Once collected, such information relating to the constraining depth layers and the information relating to the at least one additional depth layer may be used to further improve processing in the graphics pipeline.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于使用来自至少一个深度层的信息并且利用图形管线收集关于至少一个附加深度层的信息的系统和方法。 最初，提供约束深度层，其又限定多个深度约束。 接下来，执行涉及用于收集关于至少一个附加深度层的信息的约束深度层的多个测试。 然后可以使用与至少一个深度层有关的信息来改善图形流水线中的处理。 通过上述多个测试，可以在多个渲染遍历中的每一个期间收集与多个深度层有关的信息。 最初，以上述方式提供与约束深度层和相关联的深度约束有关的信息。 此后，在另外的渲染过程中，通过对每个渲染过程进行多次测试来收集与至少一个附加深度层相关的信息。 一旦收集，可以使用与限制深度层有关的这种信息和与至少一个附加深度层相关的信息来进一步改进图形流水线中的处理。

公开(公告)号：US06677945B2

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US09839247

申请日：2001-04-20

Applicant: Eugene Lapidous ,  Guofang Jiao ,  Jianbo Zhang

Inventor： Eugene Lapidous ,  Guofang Jiao ,  Jianbo Zhang

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/405

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for eliminating hidden surfaces in 3D graphics that improves rendering performance by decreasing the size of the data stored to or retrieved from the depth buffer when the distance from the camera to the pixel on the surface of the primitive is further than the threshold distance. The threshold distance from the camera is defined such that for such pixels the precision of a linear or quazi-linear depth buffer with a decreased data size is the same as or higher than the precision of a non-linear depth buffer with an original data size. The invention improves the usefulness of linear and quasi-linear depth buffers for 3D applications optimized for non-linear depth buffers. The present invention additionally affords a method for selecting the size of data to be read from the depth buffer before new depth values are computed for the same pixels.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种用于消除3D图形中的隐藏表面的系统和方法，其中，当从相机到原始表面上的像素的距离为距离时，通过减小存储到深度缓冲器中或从深度缓冲器检索的数据的大小来提高渲染性能 超过阈值距离。 定义与摄像机的阈值距离，使得对于这样的像素，具有减小的数据大小的线性或奇数线性深度缓冲器的精度与具有原始数据大小的非线性深度缓冲器的精度相同或更高 。 本发明改进了针对非线性深度缓冲器优化的3D应用的线性和准线性深度缓冲器的有用性。 本发明另外提供一种用于在为相同像素计算新的深度值之前从深度缓冲器中选择要读取的数据的大小的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06677944B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US09290581

申请日：1999-04-13

Applicant: Shinji Yamamoto

Inventor： Shinji Yamamoto

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/40 ,  G06T17/00

Abstract: A three-dimensional model is created without carrying out complicated modeling by incorporating elements of a two-dimensional image into the three-dimensional model. A two-dimensional image inputted to a two-dimensional image input section is stored in a two-dimensional image storing section, while information on a predetermined element of the two-dimensional image is extracted in a processing section in relation to three-dimensional information, and thereafter transformed to three-dimensional information. A three-dimensional modeling data producing section adds the three-dimensional information transformed from the element information to modeling data which expresses a three-dimensional shape which is previously prepared, and thereby creates a three-dimensional model. A rendering section subjects the three-dimensional model thus created to bump mapping, texture mapping or the like, and thereafter, a three-dimensional image is displayed by a display section.

Abstract translation: 创建三维模型，而不需要通过将二维图像的元素并入到三维模型中来进行复杂的建模。 输入到二维图像输入部的二维图像被存储在二维图像存储部中，同时关于三维信息在处理部中提取关于二维图像的预定元素的信息 ，然后转换为三维信息。 三维建模数据生成部将从元素信息变换的三维信息添加到表示预先准备的三维形状的建模数据，从而生成三维模型。 渲染部分对由此产生的三维模型进行凹凸贴图，纹理映射等，然后由显示部显示三维图像。

公开(公告)号：US06664959B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

申请号：US10231436

申请日：2002-08-29

Applicant: Jerome F. Duluk, Jr. ,  Stephen L. Dodgen ,  Richard E. Hessel ,  Emerson S. Fang ,  Hengwei Hsu ,  Jason R. Redgrave ,  Sushma S. Trivedi

Inventor： Jerome F. Duluk, Jr. ,  Stephen L. Dodgen ,  Richard E. Hessel ,  Emerson S. Fang ,  Hengwei Hsu ,  Jason R. Redgrave ,  Sushma S. Trivedi

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/20 ,  G06T1/60 ,  G06T11/001 ,  G06T11/40 ,  G06T15/005 ,  G06T15/04 ,  G06T15/30 ,  G06T15/40 ,  G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/80 ,  G06T15/83 ,  G06T15/87

Abstract: Structure, apparatus, and method for performing conservative hidden surface removal in a graphics processor. Culling is divided into two steps, a magnitude comparison content addressable memory cull operation (MCCAM Cull), and a subpixel cull operation. The MCCAM Cull discards primitives that are hidden completely by previously processed geometry. The Subpixel Cull takes the remaining primitives (which are partly or entirely visible), and determines the visible fragments. In one embodiment the method of performing hidden surface removal includes: selecting a current primitive comprising a plurality of stamps; comparing stamps to stamps from previously evaluated primitives; selecting a first stamp as a currently potentially visible stamp (CPVS) based on a relationship of depth states of samples in the first stamp with depth states of samples of previously evaluated stamps; comparing the CPVS to a second stamp; discarding the second stamp when no part of the second stamp would affect a final graphics display image based on the stamps that have been evaluated; discarding the CPVS and making the second stamp the CPVS, when the second stamp hides the CPVS; dispatching the CPVS and making the second stamp the CPVS when both the second stamp and the CPVS are at least partially visible in the final graphics display image; and dispatching the second stamp and the CPVS when the visibility of the second stamp and the CPVS depends on parameters evaluated later in the computer graphics pipeline.

公开(公告)号：US06650325B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-18

申请号：US09454505

申请日：1999-12-06

Applicant: Douglas A. Voorhies ,  Nicholas J. Foskett

Inventor： Douglas A. Voorhies ,  Nicholas J. Foskett

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/80 ,  G06T11/40

Abstract: A method, apparatus and article of manufacture are provided for performing rasterization using alternating sense point traversal. Upon receipt of a primitive, i.e. a triangle, a plurality of points are positioned on or near the primitive. Such points define an enclosed convex region and may be located at corners of the convex region. In operation, the points and convex region are moved in an alternating manner for the purpose of identifying an area in the primitive for rendering pixels therein. In particular, the points are moved in a boustrophedonic manner.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种使用交替感测点遍历来执行光栅化的方法，装置和制造。 在接收到原语即三角形时，多个点位于原语上或附近。 这些点限定了封闭的凸起区域并且可以位于凸起区域的角部。 在操作中，点和凸区域以交替的方式移动，以便识别用于在其中渲染像素的图元中的区域。 特别地，这些点以麻醉方式移动。

公开(公告)号：US06577307B1

公开(公告)日：2003-06-10

申请号：US09399619

申请日：1999-09-20

Applicant: Chien-Chung Hsiao ,  Li-Shu Lu

Inventor： Chien-Chung Hsiao ,  Li-Shu Lu

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/503

Abstract: An anti-aliasing process without sorting the polygons in depth order to improve the image quality in three-dimensional graphics system. This method comprises extra buffer memory than does a typical three-dimensional graphics display system. The Z buffer stores the depth value of nearest pixel in front Z buffer and depth value of secondary nearest pixels in back Z buffer. The color buffer stores foreground color and background color. A weighting value is used and stored in the frame buffer to blend the foreground color and the background nearest color. The weighting value is associated with each pixel, it indicates the percentage of coverage of a pixel. Every pixel in Z buffer test stage will update the depth of the nearest pixel and the depth of the second nearest in Z-buffer, foreground color and background color in the frame buffer and the weighting value according to the result of depth comparison.

Abstract translation: 一种抗锯齿过程，无需对多边形进行深度排序，以提高三维图形系统中的图像质量。 该方法包括比典型的三维图形显示系统更多的缓冲存储器。 Z缓冲器存储前Z缓冲区中最近像素的深度值和后Z缓冲区中次近像素的深度值。 颜色缓冲区存储前景色和背景颜色。 使用加权值并将其存储在帧缓冲器中以混合前景色和背景最近的颜色。 加权值与每个像素相关联，它表示像素的覆盖百分比。 Z缓冲区测试阶段的每个像素将根据深度比较结果更新最近像素的深度和Z缓冲区中第二个最近的深度，帧缓冲区中的前景色和背景颜色以及加权值。

公开(公告)号：USRE38078E1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-15

申请号：US09234932

申请日：1999-01-21

Applicant: Jerome F. Duluk, Jr.

Inventor： Jerome F. Duluk, Jr.

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/405 ,  G06T2210/12

Abstract: Apparatus and method for a Parallel Query Z-coordinate Buffer are described. The apparatus and method perform a keep/discard decision on screen coordinate geometry before the geometry is converted or rendered into individual display screen pixels by implementing a parallel searching technique within a novel z-coordinate buffer based on a novel magnitude comparison content addressable memory (MCCAM) structure. The MCCAM provides means structure and method for performing simultaneous arithmetic magnitude comparisons on numerical quantities. These arithmetic magnitude comparisons include arithmetic less-than, greater-than, less-than-or-equal to, and greater-than-or-equal-to operations between coordinate values of a selected graphical object and the coordinate values of other objects in the image scene which may or may not occult the selected graphical object. Embodiments of the method and apparatus utilizing variations The structure and method support variations and combinations of bounding box occulting tests, vertex bounding box occulting tests, span occulting tests, and raster-write occulting tests, as well as combinations of these tests are described .

Abstract translation: 描述并行查询Z坐标缓冲器的装置和方法。 该装置和方法在几何被转换或呈现为单独的显示屏像素之前对屏幕坐标几何执行保留/丢弃决定，通过在小说中实现并行搜索技术 基于新颖的量子比较内容可寻址存储器（MCCAM）结构的z坐标缓冲器。 表示 结构和方法，用于对数值进行同时算术大小比较。 这些算术大小比较包括算术小于，大于，小于或等于和大于或等于所选图形对象的坐标值与其他对象的坐标值之间的运算 可能或可能不隐藏所选择的图形对象的图像场景。 使用变化的方法和装置的实施例 结构和方法支持边界隐蔽测试，顶点边界隐蔽测试，跨度遮蔽的变体和组合 测试和光栅写入隐蔽测试以及这些测试的组合描述。

公开(公告)号：US06476807B1

公开(公告)日：2002-11-05

申请号：US09378391

申请日：1999-08-20

Applicant: Jerome F. Duluk, Jr. ,  Stephen L. Dodgen ,  Richard E. Hessel ,  Emerson S. Fang ,  Hengwei Hsu ,  Jason R. Redgrave ,  Sushma S. Trivedi

Inventor： Jerome F. Duluk, Jr. ,  Stephen L. Dodgen ,  Richard E. Hessel ,  Emerson S. Fang ,  Hengwei Hsu ,  Jason R. Redgrave ,  Sushma S. Trivedi

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/20 ,  G06T1/60 ,  G06T11/001 ,  G06T11/40 ,  G06T15/005 ,  G06T15/04 ,  G06T15/30 ,  G06T15/40 ,  G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/80 ,  G06T15/83 ,  G06T15/87

Abstract: Structure, apparatus, and method for performing conservative hidden surface removal in a graphics processor. Culling is divided into two steps, a magnitude comparison content addressable memory cull operation (MCCAM Cull), and a subpixel cull operation. The MCCAM Cull discards primitives that are hidden completely by previously processed geometry. The Subpixel Cull takes the remaining primitives (which are partly or entirely visible), and determines the visible fragments. In one embodiment the method of performing hidden surface removal includes: selecting a current primitive comprising a plurality of stamps; comparing stamps to stamps from previously evaluated primitives; selecting a first stamp as a currently potentially visible stamp (CPVS) based on a relationship of depth states of samples in the first stamp with depth states of samples of previously evaluated stamps; comparing the CPVS to a second stamp; discarding the second stamp when no part of the second stamp would affect a final graphics display image based on the stamps that have been evaluated; discarding the CPVS and making the second stamp the CPVS, when the second stamp hides the CPVS; dispatching the CPVS and making the second stamp the CPVS when both the second stamp and the CPVS are at least partially visible in the final graphics display image; and dispatching the second stamp and the CPVS when the visibility of the second stamp and the CPVS depends on parameters evaluated later in the computer graphics pipeline.

Abstract translation: 用于在图形处理器中执行保守的隐藏表面去除的结构，装置和方法。 剔除分为两个步骤，幅度比较内容可寻址存储器剔除操作（MCCAM Cull）和子像素剔除操作。 MCCAM Cull将丢弃由先前处理过的几何完全隐藏的原语。 子像素Cull获取剩余的基元（部分或全部可见），并确定可见碎片。 在一个实施例中，执行隐藏表面去除的方法包括：选择包括多个邮票的当前图元; 将邮票与先前评估的图案的邮票进行比较; 基于所述第一印记中的样本的深度状态与先前评估的标记的样本的深度状态的关系，选择第一印记作为当前潜在可见印记（CPVS）; 将CPVS与第二个邮票进行比较; 当第二印章的任何部分都不会影响基于所评估的邮票的最终图形显示图像时，丢弃第二印记; 丢弃CPVS，并将第二个邮票隐藏CPVS; 在最终图形显示图像中至少部分地可见第二印记和CPVS时，分派CPVS并使第二印记CPVS; 并且当第二印章和CPVS的可视性取决于计算机图形管线中稍后评估的参数时，分派第二印记和CPVS。

公开(公告)号：US06445392B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-03

申请号：US09339732

申请日：1999-06-24

Applicant: Stephen L. Morein ,  Mark C. Fowler ,  Richard G. Fadden

Inventor： Stephen L. Morein ,  Mark C. Fowler ,  Richard G. Fadden

IPC: G06T1540

CPC classification number: G06T15/405

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining and utilizing Z values of fragments in an anti-aliasing video graphics system is described. This method and apparatus are accomplished by sampling the fragment to produce a plurality of samples where a valid sample indicate coverage of a pixel by the fragment at a portion of the pixel corresponding to the valid sample. The Z value of a front-most valid sample of the plurality of samples is then determined. This Z value is preferably determined by determining the Z value at a reference point within the pixel and then ranking the various samples based on their positions and the slopes of the Z value in the horizontal and vertical directions with respect to the reference point. The highest ranked sample that is a valid sample is then selected, and the Z value for that sample is calculated based on the Z value at the reference point, the position of the selected sample with respect to the reference point, and the slopes. Once the Z value of the front-most sample of the plurality of samples has been determined, this Z value is used as the Z value for all of the valid samples within the fragment.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种用于在抗混叠视频图形系统中确定和利用片段的Z值的方法和装置。 该方法和装置通过对片段进行采样以产生多个样本来实现，其中有效样本指示在与有效样本对应的像素的一部分处的片段对像素的覆盖。 然后确定多个样本的最前面有效样本的Z值。 该Z值优选地通过确定像素内的参考点处的Z值，然后基于它们在相对于参考点的水平和垂直方向上的Z值的位置和斜率来对各种样本进行排序来确定。 然后选择作为有效样本的最高排名的样本，并且根据参考点的Z值，所选样本相对于参考点的位置和斜率计算该样本的Z值。 一旦确定了多个采样的最前采样的Z值，则该Z值被用作片段内所有有效样本的Z值。