摘要:
A fluidized-bed activation furnace for activated carbon is disclosed. The furnace is provided with a central hollow pillar having an outlet for discharging activated carbon granules at the upper portion thereof, a bowl-shaped cap covering the top portion of the central hollow pillar and a perforated plate fixed to the outer periphery of the central hollow pillar below the outlet for discharging activated carbon granules. After the granules of carbon are activated while a fluidized-bed is formed of the activated carbon granules, the substantially whole amount of granular activated carbon is discharged in a short time maintaining a high temperature.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a fluidized-bed reaction apparatus comprising a perforated plate located in the lower portion of a fluidized-bed reaction tower for forming fluidized-bed of particles thereon, the plate having regions with different opening ratios, at least the outer peripheral portion and the geometrical center portion of the plate having an opening ratio larger than an average opening ratio of the plate, inlets of a heating-fluidizing gas and the particles receiving the reaction, outlets of the particles and a discharge gas, and a fluidized-bed reaction process using such an apparatus. Upon operation of the apparatus, stationary circulation of the particles is obtained in the fluidized-bed thereby the particles are scarcely pulverized or entrained and the circulation velocity is increased.
摘要:
The invention provides a fixing method including conveying a recording medium on which a toner image has been formed using a fixing belt, in a state in which the fixing belt contacts with a surface of the recording medium on which the toner image is formed, at least from a fixing portion in which the toner image is fixed by heating and pressing the recording medium to a cooling portion in which the recording medium after fixing is cooled, wherein the ten-point average roughness (Rz) of a surface of the fixing belt contacting with the recording medium is 0.7 μm or less or the filtered maximum waviness in every convex portion present on a surface of the fixing belt contacting with the recording medium is 50 μm or less. The invention also provides a fixing apparatus using the method and an image forming apparatus using the method.
摘要:
A surface treatment device includes a belt member having a surface layer in which plural kinds of rubbers having a different hardness mixedly exist. In the device, a press/heat unit presses a recording medium with a toner image formed against the belt member such that the toner image contacts with the surface layer, and heats the recording medium to melt at least a surface of the toner image.
摘要:
A novel titanyl phthalocyanine crystal, a photoconductive material comprising the same, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same are disclosed. The titanyl phthalocyanine crystal has a primary particle diameter ranging from 0.03 to 0.15 &mgr;m, shows a maximum X-ray diffraction peak at a Bragg angle (2&thgr;±0.2°) of 27.3°, has a ellipsoidal tabular form, and has a BET specific surface area of not less than 35 m2/g. The crystal has improved crystal form stability against solvents and holds its crystal form for an extended period of time in a dispersed and coated state. An electrophotographic photoreceptor using the crystal as a photoconductive material is excellent in sensitivity, stability, and durability.
摘要:
A mass flow controller having a shut off valve in a flow path body as an integral part. The mass flow controller minimize a dead space between the shut off valve and a mass flow control valve to reduce the amount of entrapped gas therein, thereby avoiding occurrence of overshoot in the initiation of the next mass flow control operation. In another aspect, a bypass passage is provided in the flow path body. The bypass passage bypasses a sensor flow path, a bypass flow path and a mass flow control valve which increase a flow resistance, and therefore, a large amount of purge gas can be passed through the bypass passage in a short time. In still another aspect, a sealing surface of a valve seat is made into coplanar with the top surface of the flow path body, thereby making the sealing surface and the top surface of the body possible to be simultaneously subjected to lapping finish. This enhances the parallel relation between the sealing surface and the top surface of the body and makes it easy to align the axis of an actuator with the axes of other parts.
摘要:
Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals and an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising the same. The hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystals contain at least one of a polar organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a compound having an amido group, a compound having a sulfoxide group, and an organic amine.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electrically conductive substrate having thereon a charge-generating layer and a charge-transporting layer, wherein the charge-transporting layer comprises: a nonuniform charge-transporting layer comprising an electrically inactive matrix and a charge-transporting domain dispersed in the matrix; and the uniform charge-transporting layer comprising a charge-transporting matrix.
摘要:
A novel electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an electrically-conductive substrate having provided thereon an undercoat layer and a photoconductive layer in thin order, wherein the undercoat layer is formed by using a high molecular weight compound having an alkoxysilyl group; a high molecular weight compound having an alkoxysilyl group, and an organic metal compound; or a high molecular weight compound having an alkoxysilyl group, an organic metal compound and a silane coupling agent. As the organic metal compound there may be preferably used at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic zirconium compound and an organic titanium compound.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate having thereon a photosensitive layer, the photosensitive layer containing a hydroxymetal or hydroxysilicon phthalocyanine pigment represented by formula (I) as a charge generating material, the phthalocyanine pigment having been treated with an organometallic compound having a hydrolyzable functional group or a hydrolysis product thereof: ##STR1## wherein Me represents Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge or Sn; X represents H, Cl, Br or I; m represents an integer of from 1 to 4; and n represents 1 where Me is Al, Ga or In, or 2 where Me is Si, Ge or Sn.