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公开(公告)号：US4340030A
公开(公告)日：1982-07-20
申请号：US902950
申请日：1978-05-05
申请人： Stephen Molivadas
发明人： Stephen Molivadas
摘要： Various systems are disclosed for absorbing radiant heat, especially solar heat, by evaporating a refrigerant, and for releasing the heat thus absorbed to a medium to be heated, by condensing the evaporated portion of the refrigerant. The refrigerant fluid loop includes (1) an evaporator, or solar collector, including passageways where at least a portion of the refrigerant is vaporized, (2) a separator which may be a part of or a separate component from the evaporator, that divides the vapor portion and the liquid portion of the refrigerant exiting the evaporator passageways, (3) a condenser for condensing the vapor portion of the refrigerant and transferring the latent heat released to a medium to be heated, and (4) a condensate pump to return the liquid refrigerant from the separator and condenser to the evaporator. Systems are also disclosed for returning the liquid refrigerant to the evaporator by gravity thus eliminating the need for a condensate pump. Controls and component arrangements are shown for maintaining the temperature of evaporation of the refrigerant automatically insofar as practical just above that of the medium to be heated, independently of changes in the temperature of the medium, the temperatures of the system's surroundings, and the intensity of radiation intercepted by the system. Also disclosed are novel solar collector designs applicable to the invented systems.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于通过蒸发制冷剂吸收辐射热，特别是太阳能热，并且通过冷凝制冷剂的蒸发部分而将被吸收的热量释放到待加热介质的各种系统。 制冷剂流体回路包括（1）蒸发器或太阳能收集器，其包括其中至少一部分制冷剂被蒸发的通道，（2）可以是蒸发器的一部分或分离的部件的分离器，其将 蒸汽部分和离开蒸发器通道的制冷剂的液体部分，（3）冷凝器，用于冷凝制冷剂的蒸气部分并将释放的潜热转移到待加热介质，以及（4）冷凝泵， 液体制冷剂从分离器和冷凝器到蒸发器。 还公开了用于通过重力将液体制冷剂返回到蒸发器的系统，从而消除了对冷凝水泵的需要。 示出了控制和组件布置，用于自动地保持制冷剂的蒸发温度，只要实际上高于介质的加热介质温度，与介质温度的变化，系统的周围环境的温度和强度 系统截获的辐射。 还公开了适用于本发明系统的新型太阳能收集器设计。
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公开(公告)号：US4358929A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-16
申请号：US144275
申请日：1980-04-28
申请人： Stephen Molivadas
发明人： Stephen Molivadas
摘要： Various control methods and means are disclosed for varying the temperature of vaporization of a solar-powered system so that the instantaneous power delivered by the heat engine of this system, or by a device driven by this engine, is a maximum for given conditions external to the power system, or to the power system and the driven device, respectively, while ensuring that dry saturated vapor, or vapor with a preselected amount of superheat is supplied to the heat engine.The power system uses a Rankine power cycle whose working fluid is either vaporized in the absorber of a solar collector, or in a heat exchanger by a separate fluid which absorbs heat by flowing through the solar collector absorber.Also, various methods and means are disclosed for controlling the foregoing separate heat-transfer fluid so that it absorbs sensible and latent heat in the absorber of the solar collector in essentially the same ratio as the power-cycle working fluid absorbs sensible and latent heat from this heat-transfer fluid.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于改变太阳能系统的蒸发温度的各种控制方法和装置，使得由该系统的热引擎或由该发动机驱动的装置所输送的瞬时功率对于外部的给定条件是最大的 电力系统或电力系统和从动装置，同时确保将干燥的饱和蒸气或具有预选量的过热量的蒸气供应到热机。 电力系统使用兰肯电力循环，其工作流体在太阳能收集器的吸收器中蒸发，或者在热交换器中通过流过太阳能收集器吸收器吸收热量的单独流体。 此外，公开了各种方法和装置，用于控制上述单独的传热流体，使得其以与动力循环工作流体吸收敏感和潜热的基本相同的比例吸收太阳能收集器的吸收器中的敏感和潜热 这种传热流体。
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公开(公告)号：US06866092B1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-15
申请号：US08112204
申请日：1993-08-26
申请人： Stephen Molivadas
发明人： Stephen Molivadas
CPC分类号： F02B29/0475 , F01L3/12 , F01P3/22 , F01P11/02 , F02B29/0443 , F02F2007/0092 , F25B23/006 , Y02T10/146
摘要： Various techniques are disclosed for improving airtight two-phase heat-transfer systems employing a fluid to transfer heat from a heat source to a heat sink while circulating around a fluid circuit, the maximum temperature of the heat sink not exceeding the maximum temperature of the heat source. The properties of those improved systems include (a) maintaining, while the systems are inactive, their internal pressure at a pressure above the saturated-vapor pressure of their heat-transfer fluid; and (b) cooling their internal evaporator surfaces with liquid jets. FIG. 43 illustrates the particular case where a heat-transfer system of the invention is used to cool a piston engine (500) by rejecting, with a condenser (508), heat to the ambient air; and where the system includes a heat-transfer fluid pump (10) and means (401-407) for achieving the former property.
摘要翻译： 公开了各种技术，用于改进气体两相传热系统，其中使用流体将热量从热源传递到散热器，同时在流体回路周围循环，散热器的最高温度不超过热量的最高温度 资源。 这些改进的系统的性质包括（a）当系统不活动时，其内部压力保持在高于其传热流体的饱和蒸汽压力的压力下; 和（b）用液体喷射器冷却其内部蒸发器表面。 图。 图43示出了本发明的传热系统用于通过用冷凝器（508）排除对周围空气的热量来冷却活塞发动机（500）的特定情况; 并且其中系统包括传热流体泵（10）和用于实现前一性能的装置（401-407）。
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公开(公告)号：US5333677A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-02
申请号：US400738
申请日：1989-08-30
申请人： Stephen Molivadas
发明人： Stephen Molivadas
摘要： Various techniques are disclosed for improving systems that include an evacuated, and in essence hermetically-sealed, fluid circuit containing a heat-transfer fluid which--while circulating, usually with the assistance of a pump, around the fluid circuit--absorbs heat, primarily by evaporation, from a heat source and releases the absorbed heat, primarily by condensation, to a heat sink; the maximum temperature of the heat sink being, at a given instant in time, lower than the maximum temperature of the heat source at that instant in time.The various techniques disclosed always furnish the fluid circuit with a property named `self-regulation`; and, where applicable, with one or more properties named `overpressure protection`, `freeze protection`, `heat-absorption control`, `heat-release control`, and `heat-source control`.Self-regulation ensures, by controlling heat-transfer flow around the fluid circuit, that the fluid circuit transfers heat efficiently over a preselected range of operating conditions comprising a preselected range of evaporation rates which includes at least two evaporation rates differing significantly from each other.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于改进系统的各种技术，其包括抽空的，并且本质上是包含传热流体的气密密封的流体回路，该传热流体主要通过流体回路围绕流体回路吸收热而循环（通常在泵的帮助下） 从热源蒸发并将主要通过冷凝的吸收的热量释放到散热器; 在给定的时刻，散热器的最高温度低于该时刻的热源的最高温度。 公开的各种技术总是向流体回路提供名为“自我调节”的物质; 并且在适用的情况下，使用一个或多个名为“超压保护”，“冻结保护”，“吸热控制”，“放热控制”和“热源控制”的属性。 自调节通过控制流体回路周围的热传递流动来确保流体回路在预选的工作条件范围内有效地传递热量，包括预选的蒸发速率范围，该蒸发速率范围包括彼此显着不同的至少两个蒸发速率。
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公开(公告)号：US4211207A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-08
申请号：US457271
申请日：1974-04-02
申请人： Stephen Molivadas
发明人： Stephen Molivadas
摘要： A combined heating and cooling system includes a solar collector and evaporator for absorbing heat from solar radiation and/or the ambient air and for using the absorbed heat to evaporate a binary-phase, liquid-vapor working fluid. In the heating mode, whenever the temperature of the working fluid inside the evaporator of the solar collector is sufficiently higher than that of the medium to be heated, the working fluid follows a cycle similar to the Rankine cycle in which the heat engine is eliminated. Whenever the temperature of the working fluid inside the evaporator is no longer high enough for heat to be transferred unassisted to the medium to be heated, the working fluid is made to follow a heat-pump cycle. Finally, whenever the temperature of the working fluid in the evaporator falls below the temperature of the surrounding air, the evaporator is exposed to the ambient air and the system runs as an air-source heat pump. In the cooling mode, the system is run as a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle in which the compressor is selectively powered by the use of a solar-assisted Rankine power cycle. Means are also disclosed for cycle selection and control utilizing the equilibrium radiation temperature of the solar collector and evaporator.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
摘要翻译： 组合的加热和冷却系统包括太阳能收集器和蒸发器，用于从太阳辐射和/或环境空气吸收热量，并且使用吸收的热量来蒸发二相液相蒸气工作流体。 在加热模式中，只要太阳能收集器的蒸发器内部的工作流体的温度足够高于被加热介质的工作流体的温度，工作流体将遵循与排除热机的朗肯循环相似的循环。 每当蒸发器内的工作流体的温度不再高到不能被传递到待加热介质的热量时，就使工作流体跟随热泵循环。 最后，每当蒸发器中的工作流体的温度低于周围空气的温度时，蒸发器暴露于环境空气中，并且系统作为空气源热泵运行。 在冷却模式下，系统作为蒸气压缩制冷循环运行，其中压缩机通过使用太阳能兰金激光循环选择性地供电。 还公开了利用太阳能收集器和蒸发器的平衡辐射温度进行循环选择和控制的手段。
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