Abstract:
A carbon-based material according to the present invention contains dopant atoms of metal and non-metal such as nitrogen. In a radial distribution function obtained by Fourier transform of a K-edge EXAFS of the metal, a ratio of “A” to “B” is equal to or more than 4.0, wherein “A” denotes an intensity of the highest one of peaks around a distance equal to a coordinate bond length between atoms of the metal and the non-metal and “B” denotes an intensity of the highest one of peaks around a distance equal to a metallic bond length between atoms of the metal. Note that when the metal is platinum, in a radial distribution function obtained by Fourier transform of an LIII-edge EXAFS of the platinum, a ratio of “A” to “B” is equal to or more than 4.0.
Abstract:
A liquid treatment unit (1) includes: an electrical conductor (5) including a first surface (2) and a second surface (3), and a space (4) provided between the first surface and the second surface in which hydrogen ions move; and a structure (6) arranged on the second surface to regulate an oxygen supply amount. A liquid treatment device (10) includes the liquid treatment unit, and a treatment tank (7) which keeps a liquid (9) to be treated, wherein the first surface of the electrical conductor in the liquid treatment unit is located inside the treatment tank.