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1.发明授权Process for production of aluminum by carbothermic production of an alkaline earth metal aluminide such as calcium aluminide and recycling of reactant byproducts 失效通过碱土金属铝化物如铝酸钙的碳热还原生产铝的生产方法和反应物副产物的再循环
公开(公告)号：US4769067A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-06
申请号：US946006
申请日：1986-12-24
申请人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
发明人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： C22B26/22 , C22B21/02 , C22B21/04 , C22B26/20 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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2.发明授权Process for production of alkaline earth metal by carbothermic production of alkaline earth metal aluminide and stripping of alkaline earth metal from alkaline earth metal aluminide with nitrogen stripping agent 失效通过碱土金属铝化物的碳热还原生产碱土金属的制备方法和用碱性金属铝化物与氮气剥离剂从碱土金属铝化物中剥离碱土金属
公开(公告)号：US4765831A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-23
申请号：US946079
申请日：1986-12-24
申请人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
发明人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： C22B26/20 , C22B21/0053 , C22B21/02 , C22B26/22 , C22B7/04 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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公开(公告)号：US4232615A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-11
申请号：US047004
申请日：1979-06-11
申请人： Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Melvin H. Brown
摘要： A method is disclosed for burning a pulverized carbonaceous material containing sulfur and ash. According to this method, a slurry is formed containing the carbonaceous material, water and a reagent adapted to react during combustion with the sulfur in the material. The slurry is burned in a first stage with less than 100% theoretical air and preferably at a temperature below about 1100.degree. C. The products of combustion from the first stage are removed to a second stage and burned with additional air.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于燃烧含硫和灰分的粉碎碳质材料的方法。 根据该方法，形成含有碳质材料，水和适于在燃烧过程中与材料中的硫反应的试剂的浆料。 浆料在第一阶段以小于100％的理论空气燃烧，优选在低于约1100℃的温度下燃烧。来自第一阶段的燃烧产物被除去到第二阶段，并用额外的空气燃烧。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4770696A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-13
申请号：US946001
申请日：1986-12-24
CPC分类号： C22B21/0053
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4724054A
公开(公告)日：1988-02-09
申请号：US946005
申请日：1986-12-24
申请人： Melvin H. Brown , C. Norman Cochran
发明人： Melvin H. Brown , C. Norman Cochran
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound, forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料中碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的成渣的混合物，形成 在第一温度下，在炉渣中含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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公开(公告)号：US4319885A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-16
申请号：US185176
申请日：1980-09-08
申请人： Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： C10L9/10
摘要： A method of reducing sulfurous pollutants from furnaces fired with sulfur-containing coals is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of recovering fibrous material from green crops, comprising leaves, grasses, legumes, stems of green plants and tree leaves by subjecting the green crops to a mechanical pulping action and separating juices generated by the pulping action from the fibrous material. The fibrous materials are burned with the sulfur-containing coal in the furnace thereby permitting alkaline residues from the fibrous material to react with sulfur oxides generated by the combustion of the coal, the reaction converting the oxides to sulfur salts and permitting the salts to be recovered in ash from the furnace thereby reducing the pollutants from the furnace by the reaction and by dilution of the combustion gases.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种从含硫煤燃烧的炉中还原含硫污染物的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：从绿色作物中回收纤维材料，包括叶，草，豆类，绿色植物和树叶的茎，使绿色作物进行机械制浆作用，并将由制浆作用产生的果汁与纤维材料分离。 纤维材料与炉中的含硫煤一起燃烧，从而允许纤维材料的碱性残留物与煤燃烧产生的硫氧化物反应，反应将氧化物转化为硫盐，并允许回收盐 来自炉的灰，从而通过反应和通过稀释燃烧气体来减少来自炉的污染物。
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公开(公告)号：US4318275A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-09
申请号：US155464
申请日：1980-06-02
申请人： Melvin H. Brown , William H. Tingle
发明人： Melvin H. Brown , William H. Tingle
IPC分类号： F03G7/04
CPC分类号： F03G7/04
摘要： A method of providing useful work utilizing the difference between higher and lower elevations and an attendant difference in temperature. The method includes the step of providing a working medium comprised of more than one component, the components having different temperature values at which they vaporize and condense. Vapors of the working medium are condensed at the location of the higher elevation, and are directed under the force of gravity to means at a lower elevation capable of utilizing the medium in liquid form to produce useful work. The working medium in liquid form absorbs heat at the lower elevation and produces the vapors for the condensation step, the vapors being directed from the lower elevation to the higher elevation for condensing. The composition of the working medium is adjusted to response to changes in ambient temperature to provide a system having maximum efficiency in extracting work from the working medium.
摘要翻译： 一种利用高层和下层之间的差异以及伴随的温度差异提供有用的工作的方法。 该方法包括提供由多于一种组分组成的工作介质的步骤，该组分具有不同的温度值，在该温度下它们蒸发并冷凝。 工作介质的蒸气在较高高度的位置被冷凝，并且在重力的作用下被引导，以便能够利用液体形式的介质产生有用的工作。 液体形式的工作介质吸收较低高度的热量，并产生冷凝步骤的蒸汽，蒸汽从较低的高度被引导到较高的高度进行冷凝。 调整工作介质的组成以响应环境温度的变化，以提供在从工作介质中提取工作方面具有最大效率的系统。
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8.发明授权Process for carbothermic production of alkaline earth metal aluminide and recovery of same 失效碱土金属铝化物的碳热生产方法及其回收方法
公开(公告)号：US4812168A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-14
申请号：US946200
申请日：1986-12-24
申请人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
发明人： C. Norman Cochran , Melvin H. Brown
CPC分类号： C22B26/20 , C22B21/04 , C22B7/04 , C22C1/00 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and them removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，以通过与铁合金除去硅，并除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4769069A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-06
申请号：US946199
申请日：1986-12-24
CPC分类号： C22B26/22 , C22B21/02 , C22B21/04 , C22B26/20 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process is disclosed for carbothermically producing an alkaline earth metal aluminide from an aluminum-bearing material which, in one aspect comprises forming a mixture of a carbonaceous reducing agent and a slag comprising the aluminum-bearing material, the alkaline earth metal compound; forming, at a first temperature, an alloy containing impurities in the slag; removing the alloy containing the impurities from the slag; and then heating the slag to a higher temperature to form the alkaline earth metal aluminide. The alkaline earth metal compound used in the process may comprise calcium carbide. Alternatively, both the alkaline earth metal compound and the aluminum-bearing material may be obtained using a calcium aluminate slag such as a byproduct from the steel industry. The calcium aluminate slag is purified in a preliminary step to remove silicon by alloying it with iron and then removing a ferrosilicon alloy formed in this step. Byproducts formed during the reactions may be recycled back if desired.Either metallic aluminum, the alkaline earth metal, or both may be recovered from the aluminide material using, respectively a halide, a sulfurous, or a nitrogen stripping agent, or by reducing both metals in an electrolytic reduction cell. The alkaline earth metal aluminide may also be used as a reducing agent to recover other metals such as magnesium oxide by reduction from their respective compounds.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的方法，用于从含铝材料碳热还原生产碱土金属铝化物，其一方面包括形成碳质还原剂和包含含铝材料，碱土金属化合物的炉渣的混合物; 在第一温度下，在炉渣中形成含有杂质的合金; 从炉渣中除去含有杂质的合金; 然后将炉渣加热到更高的温度以形成碱土金属铝化物。 该方法中使用的碱土金属化合物可以包括碳化钙。 或者，碱土金属化合物和含铝材料都可以使用诸如来自钢铁工业的副产物的铝酸钙渣来获得。 在预备步骤中，将铝酸钙炉渣纯化，通过与铁合金除去硅，然后除去在该步骤中形成的硅铁合金。 如果需要，在反应期间形成的副产物可以再循环回来。 可以使用卤化物，亚硫酸或氮气剥离剂，或通过还原电解还原电池中的两种金属，从铝化物材料中回收金属铝，碱土金属或二者。 也可以使用碱土金属铝化物作为还原剂，从其各自的化合物中还原回收其它金属如氧化镁。
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公开(公告)号：US4737247A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-12
申请号：US887638
申请日：1986-07-21
申请人： Noel Jarrett , Melvin H. Brown
发明人： Noel Jarrett , Melvin H. Brown
摘要： This invention includes apparatus and method for providing a support mechanism for electrode assemblies including positioning spacer of electrically nonconductive material having an inside surface forming an internal cavity and a heat pipe for passing a heat transfer fluid through the cavity along the inside surface. The heat pipe transfers heat away from the positioning spacer to form a protective layer of frozen bath around the positioning spacer.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括用于提供用于电极组件的支撑机构的装置和方法，包括具有形成内腔的内表面的非导电材料的定位隔板和用于使传热流体沿着内表面通过腔的热管。 热管将热量从定位垫片传送出去，以形成围绕定位垫片的冷冻保护层。
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