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公开(公告)号：US3965097A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-22
申请号：US556036
申请日：1975-03-06
IPC分类号： C07C251/88 , C07C67/00 , C07C241/00 , C07C109/00
CPC分类号： C07C251/88 , Y02P20/582
摘要： A process for the production of a ketazine of the general formula ##EQU1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each independently is an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl radical with up to 12 carbon atoms; or an optionally substituted aryl radical with up to 10 carbon atoms, at most two of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 being aryl radicals, orR.sub.1 + r.sub.2 and R.sub.3 + R.sub.4 individually is an alkylene radical with from 5 to 10 carbon atoms,Which comprises reacting a 3,3-diorganyl oxaziridine of the formula ##EQU2## with ammonia in the presence of a ketone of the formula ##EQU3## Advantageously the oxaziridine is 3,3-dimethyl oxaziridine, 3,3-methyl ethyl oxaziridine, 3,3-diethyl oxaziridine or 3,3-pentamethylene oxaziridine, the ketone is acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone or cyclohexanone, the ammonia is used in gaseous form or in solution in water, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of about -20 to 100.degree.C at a pressure ranging from about normal up to an excess pressure of about 10 atmospheres in a solvent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons with up to 12 carbon atoms, lower chlorinated hydrocarbons, halogenated derivatives of benzene, and alcohols with from 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
摘要翻译： 制备通式为R 1 R 3的酮连氮的方法，其中R 1，R 2，R 3和R 4各自独立地为具有至多12个碳原子的烷基，环烷基或芳烷基; 或具有至多10个碳原子的任选取代的芳基，基团R 1，R 2，R 3和R 4中至多两个为芳基，或者R 1 + R 2和R 3 + R 4分别为具有5至10个碳原子的亚烷基 其包含在式R 3的酮存在下与氨反应制备式R1NH ANGLE C ANGLE | R2O的3,3-二异恶唑烷酮有利的是，氮杂氮丙啶是3,3-二甲基恶唑烷，3， 3-甲基乙基恶唑烷，3,3-二乙基恶唑烷或3,3-五亚甲基恶唑烷，酮是丙酮，甲基乙基酮，二乙基酮或环己酮，氨以气态或水溶液形式使用，反应 在大约-20至100℃的温度下，在大约正常的压力范围内，在约10个大气压的过压下，在选自碳原子数12个碳原子的溶剂中，低级氯代烃 ，苯的卤代衍生物 烯和具有5至10个碳原子的醇。
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公开(公告)号：US4005179A
公开(公告)日：1977-01-25
申请号：US597263
申请日：1975-07-18
IPC分类号： C01B21/16 , C07C67/00 , C07C241/00 , C07C251/88
CPC分类号： C01B21/16 , C07C241/02 , C07C249/16
摘要： In the production of hydrazine wherein aqueous ammonia is oxidized in the presence of a ketone to form an aqueous solution containing at least one of a hydrazone and a ketazine along with ammonia, the hydrazone and ketazine are concentrated and the hydrazone and ketazine are subsequently hydrolyzed to hydrazine and ketone, the improvement which comprises effecting the concentration of the hydrazone and ketazine by extracting the aqueous solution with a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent whereby the hydrazone and ketazine preferentially enter the water-immiscible solvent, and separating the water-immiscible solvent extract from the aqueous solution. The organic solvent is preferably a higher alcohol, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, benzene or a substitution product thereof. The organic solvent extract, in one or more stages, and optionally with addition of ketone, can be re-extracted with water, hydrolyzed with aqueous acid or subjected to distillation to separate the hydrazine values from the organic solvent.
摘要翻译： 在肼的制备中，其中氨在酮的存在下被氧化以形成含有腙和酮连氮中的至少一种的水溶液以及氨，腙和酮连氮被浓缩，腙和酮连接被水解成 肼和酮的改进，其包括通过用基本上与水不混溶的有机溶剂萃取水溶液来实现腙和酮连氮的浓度，由此腙和酮连接优先进入与水不混溶的溶剂，并且将水不混溶的溶剂萃取物 从水溶液中。 有机溶剂优选为高级醇，氯代烃，苯或其取代产物。 在一个或多个阶段中，有机溶剂提取物和任选地加入酮可以用水重新萃取，用酸水溶液或进行蒸馏以将肼值与有机溶剂分离。
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公开(公告)号：US4056469A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-01
申请号：US696253
申请日：1976-06-15
IPC分类号： C02F1/76 , C07C67/00 , C07C241/00 , C07C243/14 , C02C5/04
CPC分类号： C02F1/76
摘要： A process for the purification of waste water produced in hydrazine production by the oxidation of ammonia or an amine with an oxidizing agent in the presence of an aldehyde or ketone, comprising intensively mixing the waste water with chlorine or a hypochlorite at a temperature of about 10.degree. C to 110.degree. C and a pH of about 5 to 10 until the treated waste water reaches a redox potential to platinum, relative to Ag/AgCl, of about -400 mV to +800 mV. Advantageously a small amount of waste water is distilled off both before and after the chlorine or hypochlorite treatment.
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公开(公告)号：US4043977A
公开(公告)日：1977-08-23
申请号：US670583
申请日：1976-03-25
IPC分类号： C08L83/00 , C08G77/04 , C08K5/34 , C08L83/04 , C08L83/07 , C09D183/04 , D06M15/643 , D21H19/00 , D21H19/32
CPC分类号： D21H19/32 , C08G77/045 , C08L83/04 , D06M15/6436 , C08G77/12 , C08G77/20 , C08G77/70 , Y10T428/31663
摘要： A composition for coating paper, films and fiber materials, comprisingA. 4 parts by weight of a linear polyorganosiloxane with ends stopped by vinyl groups and having a viscosity of up to about 500 cP (20.degree. C) andB. about 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent containing Si-vinyl units and SiH units and comprising molecules with a maximum of about 10 Si atoms bonded to one another via oxygen, and wherein the two reactive groups are present in adjacent positions in one and the same molecule and the remaining valencies of the Si atom are saturated by methyl groups and the SiH groups are present in a ratio of about 1:1 to 2.5:1 to the total amount of all Si-vinyl units present in the composition,C. a platinum metal complex, the amount of metal being up to about 0.01 part by weight -- based on 100 parts by weight of total composition, andD. a diaziridine, the amount of diaziridine being about 75 to 250 times the weight of metal.The compositon has a viscosity of about 150 cP -- the increase of the initial viscosity over a period to of at least 24 hours being less than 1 cP -- easy application from existing equipment.The present invention relates to a coating agent based on polyorganosiloxanes which is suitable for the manufacture on non-stick films or coatings on paper, films, fabric tapes and similar materials, without the use of solvents.The application of non-stick polysiloxane coatings from water or organic solvents onto paper or similar materials has in itself been known for a long time (compare, for example, Noll, Chemie und Technologie der Silicone (Chemistry and Technology of the Silicones), 2nd edition, 1968, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, page 520) and is extensively carried out in industry. The apparatuses suitable for the application of such coatings are in general designed to apply a coating material which contains solvent and are therefore adjusted to deal with viscosities of less than 150 cP or even of less than 100 cP. Such low viscosities have the advantage that they can be adjusted very precisely by means of the solvent. In addition, dilute solutions can be processed better, and the substrate is generally wetted better. In spite of these advantages, such coating systems containing solvents still suffer from considerable shortcomings. The main disadvantage is that about 92-97% of the mixture applied must again be removed. This requires high expenditure of energy. Furthermore, for reasons of protection of the environment and reasons of profitability, it is necessary either to recover the solvent removed in this way or, if recovery is not possible, to destroy the solvent, for example by combustion. However, this requires considerable expenditure on energy or apparatuses in every case.For these reasons there has been a constantly increasing demand for a coating without solvents, but of course it is a prerequisite that with a solvent-free coating system the advantage must not be achieved at the expense of a series of other disadvantages. Admittedly, some processes have already been disclosed (compare, for example, DT-OS (German Published Specification) No. 2,210,380 and DT-OS (German Published Specification No.) 2,321,879), in which the attempt to manage without solvents has been made. However, these systems in every case still suffer from a series of disadvantages so that they are unable satisfactorily to fulfil the demands made of them. Above all, it is in respect of their viscosity behavior -- such systems are required to have a high degree of constancy of the viscosity -- that the previously known systems have only been partially satisfactory.A further aspect of the viscosity problem which also still awaits a satisfactory solution in spite of the previously known processes and compositions is the initial viscosity.As is known to those skilled in the art, a mixture of a siloxane polymer with a crosslinking agent cannot directly be brought to a lower viscosity by shortening the siloxane chains of the polymer. Short-chain rubber molecules give a hard, crumbly film of low suppleness and poor mechanical properties. Applied to paper coating, this means that the film is not abrasion-resistant, and the inadequate abrasion resistance does not necessarily relate to the breaking of the bond between the substrate and the film but to the film itself breaking. Hence it is not surprising that all examples in the known publications relate to polymers of which the viscosity is in part many times higher than 150 cP.Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide a coating system or coating process which makes it posible to achieve, by means of the applicator units of the state of the art, thin, commercially acceptable films of which the uniformity and mechanical properties are such as to give constant release properties and migration properties which meet practical requirements. In detail, this means that such a process must resort to compositions which in spite of the low initial viscosities are able to give films which withstand mechanical strain and repel adhesives, while the original viscosity must remain constant for at least 24 hours under conditions resembling those encountered in practice.This object is realized in accordance with the present invention pursuant to which there is provided a composition for coating paper, films and fiber materials, comprisinga. 4 parts by weight of a linear polyorganosiloxane with ends stopped by vinyl groups and having a viscosity of up to about 500 cP (20.degree. C),b. about 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent containing Si-vinyl units and SiH units, comprising molecules with a maximum of about 10 Si atoms bonded to one another via oxygen, and wherein the two reactive groups are present in adjacent positions in one and the same molecule and the remaining valencies of the Si atom are saturated by methyl groups and the SiH groups are present in a ratio of 2.5:1 to the total amount of all Si-vinyl units present in the composition,c. a platinum metal complex, the amount of metal being up to about 0.01 part by weight - based on 100 parts by weight of the composition, andd. a diaziridine, the amount of diaziridine being about 75 to 250 times the weight of metal.Accordingly, it was possible to achieve the present object by making 4 parts by polyorganosiloxane with ends stopped by vinyl groups and having a viscosity of at most 500 cP/20.degree. C with 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a crosslinking agent carrying Si-vinyl groups and SiH groups; the molecular size of the crosslinking agent should not exceed 10 Si atoms which are bonded via oxygen and of which the remaining valencies are saturated by methyl groups, where they are not occupied by the above reactive groups, and the viscosity of the polyorganosiloxane is so chosen that it is more than 50 cP and that the viscosity of the total mixture does not exceed 150 cP. The SiH:Si-vinyl ratio in the mixture may vary between the ratios of 1:1 and 2.5:1. The crosslinking agent used is such that it consists of one type of molecule and carries, in addition to SiH groups, a sufficient number of Si-vinyl groups that the above conditional ratios are observed.While the linear polyorganosiloxane has a viscosity which may be as high as 500 cP/20.degree. C, it is blended with such an amount of crosslinking agent that the overall composition has a viscosity from about 50 to 150 cP/20.degree. C.In the sense of the invention, polyorganosiloxanes with ends stopped by vinyl groups are polydiorganosiloxanes which terminate in CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 O.sub.1/2 units and of which the organo groups consist to the extent of at least about 70 % of methyl groups, the remainder optionally consisting of higher alkyl groups, preferably containing up to about 6 carbon atoms, or phenyl groups. The viscosity of these polymers, which can be prepared easily according to the state of the art, should not be less than about 50 cP. Now the upper limit of viscosity is determined by the total viscosity of the mixture, which should be less than 150 cP; accordingly, the polymer viscosity should not significantly exceed a value of 500 cP.The crosslinking agent consists, for example, of a co-hydrolysate which contains both vinyl-Si and H-Si groups in the same molecule. The following compounds would be typical representatives of this category of crosslinking agent, for example with the chain length remaining the same:(CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiOX.sub.n Y.sub.n' Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3(ch.sub.3).sub.3 siOX.sub.n Y.sub.n' Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 H(ch.sub.3).sub.3 siOX.sub.n Y.sub.n' Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2ch.sub.2 .dbd.ch(ch.sub.3).sub.2 siOX.sub.n Y.sub.n' Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2ch.sub.2 .dbd.ch(ch.sub.3).sub.2 ox.sub.n Y.sub.n' Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 HandHSi(CH.sub.3).sub.2 OX.sub.n Y.sub.n' Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 Hwherein ##STR1## n+n' is at most about 8.These compounds are readily available and are obtained in high yields by co-hydrolysis according to the state of the art. In principle, the crosslinking agent would be allowed to possess more than 10 Si atoms bonded via O without the crosslinking reaction or the properties of the film being impaired. However, it is to be borne in mind that this would increase the viscosity of the crosslinking agent and hence also the viscosity of the mixture. In order to counteract this effect brought about by the crosslinking agent the polymer would have to be made correspondingly short. In the viscosity ranges concerned, which are in any case already low, this would not be of advantage since an over-drastic shortening of the chains would be at the expense of the mechanical properties. It has been found that the film which results from the mixture described above adheres well to its substrate, is abrasion-resistant and exhibits perfect release properties and migration properties.It is a further characteristic of the present invention that Pt catalyst known from the literature, such as the reaction product of H.sub.2 PtCl.sub.6 with octanol (Lamoreaux catalyst) or Pt compounds such as have been disclosed, for example, in DT-OS (German Published Specification No.) 2,251,297 (the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference) are deactivated by bringing them into contact, at room temperature, with a diaziridine of the formula ##STR2## whereinR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a radical which contains up to6 C atoms (for example an alkyl radical) and whereinR.sub.1 + R.sub.2 can together form a ring system. Examples of both liquid and solid diaziridines which can be used for this purpose are dimethyldiaziridine, methylethyldiaziridine, diethyldiaziridine, methylisopropyldiaziridine, methylpropyldiaziridine, dipropyldiaziridine, pentamethylenediaziridine and hexamethylenediaziridine. The reaction is best carried out "in situ", that is to say a sufficient amount of diaziridine is added to the polymer with ends stopped by vinyl groups and the platinum catalyst is then added. It has been found that up to about 100, preferably about 10 to 12 ppm, of Pt, relative to the total amount, suffice for catalysis so that reliable curing is achieved at temperatures between 120.degree. and 150.degree. C.As can furthermore be shown in the examples which follow, good deactivation of the catalyst is achieved if the amount of diaziridine added is up to about 250 times the amount of Pt. The amount of diaziridine should not be significantly less than 75 times the amount of the Pt catalyst since in that case an increase in viscosity of 5 cP is already found over a period of 24 hours. If the diaziridine content is well matched to the amount of Pt catalyst, pot lives of over 120 hours can be achieved, without difficulties, under conditions resembling practical requirements. A main advantage of the low viscosity is that it permits the application of thin, economical films.At this point it should further be mentioned that the delaying action of the reaction products of platinum complexes with diaziridines need not be restricted to systems of low viscosity such as those described here.
摘要翻译： 一种用于涂布纸，薄膜和纤维材料的组合物，包括A. 4通过乙烯基团停止并具有高达约500 CP（20℃）和B的粘度的直链多聚硅氧烷的重量的组分。约0.5至1.5 包含Si-乙烯基单元和SiH单元并含有最多约10个Si原子的分子通过氧彼此键合的交联剂的重量份数，并且其中两个反应性基团存在于同一分子中的相邻位置 并且Si原子的剩余价数被甲基饱和，并且SiH基以与组合物中存在的全部Si-乙烯基单元的总量的比例为约1:1至2.5:1存在.C.A铂 金属复合物，金属含量高达0.01重量份 - 以100重量份的总组成，D。DIAZIRIDINE，DIAZIRIDINE的量约为75至250次金属重量。
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公开(公告)号：US5389354A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-14
申请号：US643392
申请日：1991-01-18
CPC分类号： C01B17/76 , C01B17/54 , Y02P20/129
摘要： In the continuous production of oleum having a concentration of 10 to 45% by weight SO.sub.3 and/or sulfuric acid having a concentration of 94 to 100% by weight H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 by burning sulfur with atomospheric oxygen on the principle of overstoichiometric or understoichiometric burning, cooling the resulting SO.sub.2 -containing gas to 390.degree.-480.degree. C., catalytically reacting the cooled gas to SO.sub.3 -containing gas on a vanadium-containing catalyst on the principle of single- or double-contact catalysis, absorbing the SO.sub.3 -containing gas after cooling and, optionally, separating liquid from the gas after absorption, followed by recovering energy, the improvement which comprises effecting the burning of the sulfur with atomospheric oxygen in the presence of a dry SO.sub.2 -containing gas which contains up to 5,000 ppm (NO).sub.x expressed as NO.
摘要翻译： 在化学计量或化学计量燃烧原理下通过用大气氧燃烧硫而连续生产具有浓度为10〜45重量％浓度的SO 3和/或浓度为94〜100重量％的硫酸的硫酸的发烟硫酸，冷却 使含SO 2的气体在390〜-48℃下，以单催化或双接触催化原理，将冷却后的气体与含钒催化剂催化反应，在冷却后吸收含SO3的气体 并且任选地，在吸收之后从气体中分离液体，然后回收能量，其改进包括在含有高达5,000ppm（NO）x）的干SO 2的气体的存在下，用大气氧气对硫进行燃烧 表示为NO。
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6.发明授权Process for the combustion of sulphur for the preparation of oleum and sulphuric acid with reduced (NO)x content 失效用于燃烧硫以制备具有降低的（NO）x含量的发烟硫酸和硫酸的方法公开(公告)号：US06893622B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-17
申请号：US10230835
申请日：2002-08-29
申请人： Kurt-Wilhelm Eichenhofer , Klaus-Peter Grabowski , Günter Dräger , Martin Kürten , Martin Schweitzer
发明人： Kurt-Wilhelm Eichenhofer , Klaus-Peter Grabowski , Günter Dräger , Martin Kürten , Martin Schweitzer
CPC分类号： C01B17/76 , C01B17/54 , Y02P20/123 , Y02P20/129
摘要： The invention relates to a process for the continuous preparation of oleum of a concentration of 10 to 45% by weight of SO3 and/or sulphuric acid of a concentration of 94 to 100% by weight of H2SO4 by combustion of sulphur with atmospheric oxygen according to the principle of superstoichiometric combustion, cooling the resultant sulphur-dioxide-containing gases to 350° C. to 500° C., catalytic conversion of these cooled gases to give sulphur-trioxide-containing gases in the presence of a vanadium-containing catalyst using single or double contact catalysis, absorption of the sulphur-trioxide-containing gases after cooling, if appropriate removal of liquids from the gases after absorption and energy recovery, with liquid sulphur being injected into the hot combustion gas stream perpendicular to the main direction of flow in the form of a fan using one or more bimodal fan-type nozzles.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种连续制备发泡硫酸的方法，其浓度为10至45重量％的SO 3和/或浓度为94至100重量％的H 2 O的硫酸， 根据超化学计量燃烧的原理，通过硫与大气氧燃烧，将所得的含二氧化硫的气体冷却至350℃至500℃。 在使用单或双接触催化的含钒催化剂存在下，这些冷却的气体催化转化得到含三氧化硫的气体，冷却后含有三氧化硫的气体的吸收，如果适当地将液体从 吸收和能量回收之后的气体，其中使用一个或多个双峰扇形喷嘴将液态硫以与风扇形式的主流方向垂直的热燃烧气体流注入。
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公开(公告)号：US5695716A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-09
申请号：US654451
申请日：1996-05-21
CPC分类号： C22C30/00 , C22C38/001
摘要： The present invention relates to high chromium, corrosion resistant, austenitic alloys and to the use thereof.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及高铬，耐腐蚀，奥氏体合金及其用途。
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