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公开(公告)号：US4804598A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-14
申请号：US133589
申请日：1987-12-14
CPC分类号： H01M2/1686 , H01M10/32 , H01M2/1653 , H01M2300/0014
摘要： A silver-iron battery is made comprising a case 14 and a cover 15 within which are disposed at least one silver electrode 11, at least one iron electrode 12, a separator system 13 between the electrodes and an alkaline electrolyte, where the separator system contains at least a layer of low density polyethylene, having a density of from about 0.91 g./cm.sup.3 to about 0.92 g./cm.sup.3, graft co-polymerized with an acrylic material, disposed next to the silver electrodes, and at least a layer of high density polyethylene, having a density of from about 0.95 g./cm.sup.3 to about 0.96 g./cm.sup.3, graft co-polymerized with an acrylic material, disposed next to the iron electrodes, and where a layer of cellophane can also be included next to the low density polyethylene and a middle layer of low density polyethylene and be included between the cellophane and the high density polyethylene.
摘要翻译： 制成银 - 铁电池，其包括壳体14和盖15，在该壳体中设置有至少一个银电极11，至少一个铁电极12，电极之间的隔板系统13和碱性电解质，其中分离器系统包含 至少一层低密度聚乙烯，其密度为约0.91g / cm 3至约0.92g / cm 3，与布置在银电极旁边的丙烯酸材料接枝共聚，以及至少一层 密度为约0.95g / cm 3至约0.96g / cm 3的高密度聚乙烯，与邻近铁电极设置的丙烯酸材料接枝共聚，下面还可以包含玻璃纸层 到低密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯的中间层，并被包括在玻璃纸和高密度聚乙烯之间。
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公开(公告)号：US4822698A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US50179
申请日：1987-05-15
摘要： Disclosed is a battery having an anode selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, and mixtures and alloys thereof, an oxygen electrode as the cathode, and means for maintaining the anode and the cathode in an electricity-generating relationship when the battery is placed in salt water. Also disclosed is a method of producing electricity by positioning the anode and cathode in a saline electrolyte whereby the reactionM+20H.sup.- .fwdarw.M(OH).sub.2 +2e.sup.-occurs at the anode and the reactionO.sub.2 +2H.sub.2 O+4e.sup.- .fwdarw.20H.sup.31occurs at the anode, where M is magnesium, zinc, aluminum, or mixtures or alloys thereof.
摘要翻译： 公开了具有选自镁，锌及其混合物和合金的阳极的电池，作为阴极的氧电极，以及当放置电池时将阳极和阴极保持在发电关系中的装置 在盐水中。 还公开了通过将阳极和阴极放置在盐水电解液中来发电的方法，由此在阳极发生反应M + 20H→M（OH）2 + 2e-，反应发生在O2 + 2H2O + 4e→ 20H31发生在阳极处，其中M是镁，锌，铝或它们的混合物或合金。
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公开(公告)号：US4383015A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-10
申请号：US338459
申请日：1982-01-08
申请人： Edward S. Buzzelli
发明人： Edward S. Buzzelli
CPC分类号： H01M6/5005 , H01M10/34 , H01M10/42
摘要： An iron-silver battery is made, comprising at least one positive silver electrode plate; at least one negative iron electrode plate; and at least one shunt electrode connected to and electrically in parallel with the positive plate comprising a material having a lower oxygen evolution potential than silver, each separated from the other by a material that is not chemically attacked by electrolyte solution, and all housed in a case containing an electrolyte solution.
摘要翻译： 制造铁银电池，其包括至少一个正极银电极板; 至少一个负极电极板; 以及与正极连接并与之平行的至少一个分流电极，其包括具有比银更低的析氧电位的材料，每个分流电极由不被电解质溶液化学侵蚀的材料彼此分离，并且全部容纳在 含有电解质溶液的情况。
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4.发明授权Method of producing self-supporting fully activated iron electrodes by thermal reduction-sintering 失效通过热还原烧结制备自支撑完全活化的铁电极的方法
公开(公告)号：US4132547A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-02
申请号：US801121
申请日：1977-05-27
摘要： A self-supporting electrode structure consisting of active material particles is made by: (1) mixing 100 parts of metallic iron particles, with between about 0.5 part to about 5.0 parts of a water soluble metal sulfate selected from MgSO.sub.4, CdSO.sub.4, MnSO.sub.4, ZnSO.sub.4, BaSO.sub.4, Cr.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3, CuSO.sub.4, CaSO.sub.4, Li.sub.2 SO.sub.4, their hydrates and mixtures, as an electrochemical activator, and an amount of water effective to form a thin coating of metal sulfate on the metallic iron particles, (2) sizing the mixture to between about 10 microns to about 275 microns average particle size, (3) pressing the coated iron particles, and (4) reducing and sintering the coated iron particles at between about 700.degree. C to about 1,000.degree. C, in a reducing atmosphere; to provide an interconnected self-supporting metallic electrode structure consisting solely of fully charged iron active material particles coated with the metal of the additive, said electrode being capable of immediate discharge.
摘要翻译： 由活性物质颗粒组成的自支撑电极结构是通过以下方法制备的：（1）将100份金属铁颗粒与约0.5份至约5.0份的选自MgSO 4，CdSO 4，MnSO 4，ZnSO 4的水溶性金属硫酸盐混合 ，BaSO 4，Cr 2（SO 4）3，CuSO 4，CaSO 4，Li 2 SO 4，它们的水合物和混合物作为电化学活化剂，以及一定量的水，有效地在金属铁颗粒上形成金属硫酸盐的薄涂层，（2） 混合物的平均粒径在约10微米至约275微米之间，（3）压制涂覆的铁颗粒，和（4）在还原气氛中还原和烧结包覆的铁颗粒在约700℃至约1000℃之间 ; 以提供仅由涂覆有添加剂的金属的充满电的铁活性材料颗粒组成的互连的自支撑金属电极结构，所述电极能够立即放电。
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公开(公告)号：US3963516A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-15
申请号：US446190
申请日：1974-02-26
申请人： Edward S. Buzzelli
发明人： Edward S. Buzzelli
CPC分类号： H01M10/399 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/581
摘要： A composite cathode comprising an integral matrix of about 20 to 80% by weight current collector material which is electronic or semiconducting in nature, preferably carbon, and about 80 to 20% by weight metal sulfide, preferably antimony sulfide. The high energy density battery comprises said composite cathode in spaced apart relation to a LiAl alloy anode, and a molten LiCl--KCl electrolyte in contact with the cathode and anode.
摘要翻译： 一种复合阴极，其包含大约20至80％重量的集成材料的集成材料，其特征在于电子或半导电性，优选为碳，以及约80至20重量％的金属硫化物，优选硫化锑。 高能量密度电池包括与LiAl合金阳极间隔开的所述复合阴极和与阴极和阳极接触的熔融LiCl-KCl电解质。
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6.发明授权Rechargeable metal-air electrochemical cell with hydrogen recombination and end-of-charge indicator 失效具有氢复合和充电终止指示器的可充电金属 - 空气电化学电池
公开(公告)号：US5563004A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-08
申请号：US407697
申请日：1995-03-21
CPC分类号： H01M2/1264 , H01M10/42 , H01M10/52 , H01M12/08 , H01M2/162 , Y02E60/128
摘要： A rechargeable metal-air electrochemical cell comprising a hydrogen-oxygen recombination electrode recombines hydrogen produced at the anode with oxygen to replenish the supply of water in the cell. The cell comprises an oxygen gas-permeable, liquid water-impermeable air cathode disposed in the cell case such that the cell is substantially impermeable to liquid water and the cell can receive and discharge oxygen gas through an opening in the cell case. During the discharge mode of the cell, the recombination electrode is inactive, and during the recharge mode, the recombination electrode catalyzes the electrochemical recombination of hydrogen and oxygen in the cell to form water. According to another aspect, the cell can comprise a device for indicating the end of the charge mode by sensing the level of current between the cathode and the recombination electrode and comparing that current level to a predetermined current level. When the current level between the cathode and the recombination electrode exceeds the predetermined current level, the device indicates that the end of charge has been reached or can activate a recharge disconnect switch.
摘要翻译： 包含氢 - 氧复合电极的可再充电金属 - 空气电化学电池将在阳极产生的氢气与氧气重新组合以补充电池中的水的供应。 电池包括设置在电池壳体中的氧气可渗透的液体不透水空气阴极，使得电池对液体水基本上不可渗透，并且电池可以通过电池壳体中的开口接收和排出氧气。 在电池的放电模式期间，复合电极是无效的，并且在再充电模式期间，复合电极催化电池中氢和氧的电化学重组以形成水。 根据另一方面，电池可以包括用于通过感测阴极和复合电极之间的电流的水平来指示充电模式的结束并将该电流水平与预定的电流水平进行比较的装置。 当阴极和复合电极之间的电流超过预定电流电平时，器件指示已经达到充电结束或者可以激活充电断开开关。
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公开(公告)号：US4474862A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-02
申请号：US550658
申请日：1983-11-10
申请人： Edward S. Buzzelli , Jack T. Brown
发明人： Edward S. Buzzelli , Jack T. Brown
CPC分类号： B60L11/1879 , H01M10/44 , H01M12/065 , H01M2004/024 , Y02T10/7005 , Y02T10/705
摘要： The iron electrodes of a battery are recharged by removing them from the battery, heating them in a reducing gas atmosphere at over about 450.degree. C., for a sufficient time to convert discharged iron compounds to charged iron compounds, and then cooling the charged electrodes.
摘要翻译： 电池的铁电极通过将其从电池中取出来进行再充电，在还原气体气氛中将它们在大约450℃下加热足够的时间以将排出的铁化合物转化成带电铁化合物，然后冷却带电电极 。
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公开(公告)号：US3977901A
公开(公告)日：1976-08-31
申请号：US517115
申请日：1974-10-23
申请人： Edward S. Buzzelli
发明人： Edward S. Buzzelli
CPC分类号： H01M4/96 , H01M4/8615
摘要： Air electrodes for use in electrochemical energy cells which comprise a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer laminated thereto. The hydrophilic layer essentially comprises a hydrophilic composite which includesI. an oxygen absorption/reduction carbon,Ii. a material selected from the group consisting ofA. CuWO.sub.4, NiWO.sub.4, CoWO.sub.4 and WC with 1-20 wt. % Co. for a unifunctional electrode, orB. WS.sub.2, WC, and WC with 1-20 Wt.% Co. for a bi-functional electrode, andIii. a nonwetting agent containing a polytetrafluoroethylene. A metal current collector is molded into the composite to form a substantially flat hydrophilic layer. A catalyst is preferably incorporated into the composite of a bifunctional electrode to increase cycling life. The hydrophobic layer, comprising a sheet of porous fluorinated ethylene propylene, polypropylene or polytetrafluoroethylene, is laminated to the hydrophilic layer to complete the air electrodes of the invention.
摘要翻译： 用于电化学能量电池的空气电极，其包括亲水层和层压在其上的疏水层。 亲水层基本上包括一种亲水性复合材料，其包括I.A.OXYGEN吸收/还原碳，II。 从包含A.WWO4，NiWO4，CoWO4和WC的组中选择的材料，其具有1-20重量％ ％Co.用于双功能电极，或B.WS2，WC和WC，具有1-20Wt。％Co.用于双功能电极，III。 含有聚四氟乙烯的非织造剂。 将金属集电体模制成复合材料以形成基本平坦的亲水层。 催化剂优选并入双功能电极的复合物中以增加循环寿命。 将包含多孔氟化乙烯丙烯，聚丙烯或聚四氟乙烯的片材的疏水层层合到亲水层上以完成本发明的空气电极。
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公开(公告)号：US4605604A
公开(公告)日：1986-08-12
申请号：US745979
申请日：1985-06-18
摘要： A nickel-aluminum dry charge reserve battery has at least one electrode containing a nickel hydroxide containing active battery material, and at least one aluminum electrode, with a storage reservoir containing electrolyte nearby, and a means to transfer the stored electrolyte to the electrodes.
摘要翻译： 镍 - 铝干电荷储备电池具有至少一个含有含氢氧化镍的活性电池材料的电极和至少一个铝电极，其中附近具有包含电解质的储存容器，以及将储存的电解质转移到电极的手段。
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10.发明授权Iron/air battery system having circulating electrolyte and a horizontal cell configuration 失效具有循环电解质和水平电池结构的铁/空气电池系统
公开(公告)号：US4168349A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-18
申请号：US900684
申请日：1978-04-27
申请人： Edward S. Buzzelli
发明人： Edward S. Buzzelli
CPC分类号： H01M12/08 , Y02E60/128
摘要： A horizontally disposed iron/air battery cell, comprising two horizontally disposed air electrodes having air and electrolyte contacting sides, and side casings for holding the air electrodes, where the air electrodes and side casings define an electrolyte compartment containing electrolyte and a horizontally disposed iron electrode, with one casing side having at least one electrolyte inlet, and the opposite casing side having at least one electrolyte outlet, is operated by supplying air to the air side of the air electrode, and circulating electrolyte through a pump and then through the electrolyte compartment of the cell, where the total cross-sectional area of the outlet is between 1.25 to 5 times greater than the total cross-sectional area of the inlet, causing the pressure on the electrolyte contacting sides of the air electrodes to be between 0.5 psi. to 6.5 psi. less than the pressure on the air sides of the air electrodes.
摘要翻译： 一种水平布置的铁/空气电池单元，包括两个具有空气和电解质接触侧面的水平设置的空气电极和用于保持空气电极的侧壳体，其中空气电极和侧壳体限定含有电解质的电解质隔室和水平设置的铁电极 一个壳体侧具有至少一个电解质入口，并且具有至少一个电解液出口的相对的壳体侧通过向空气电极的空气侧供应空气并使电解质循环通过泵然后通过电解质隔室 ，其中出口的总横截面面积比入口的总横截面积大1.25至5倍，导致空气电极的电解质接触侧的压力在0.5psi之间。 至6.5psi。 小于空气电极空气侧的压力。
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