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公开(公告)号：US5546484A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-13
申请号：US453540
申请日：1995-05-25
CPC分类号： G02B6/283
摘要： A fiber optic switch module that can be incorporated into switch designs characterized by negligible crosstalk. The switch module is capable of operation over two wavelength bands. A 2.times.2 switch module has an open or bar state in which polished portions of the fiber segments are separated from each other and a closed or cross state where the polished portions are in optical contact with each other. The module has arbitrarily low crosstalk in the bar state, but typically some crosstalk in the cross state. In one embodiment, the third port of a first 2.times.2 module is coupled to the first port a second 2.times.2 module while no connections are-made to the second ports of the modules or to the third port of the second module. Fiber parameters (core radius and numerical aperture) and fabrication parameters (radius of curvature of the fibers in the interaction region and minimum edge-to-edge spacing between the fiber cores) are chosen so that the switch module has high coupling ratio (close to unity) in two distinct wavelength bands.
摘要翻译： 光纤开关模块可以结合在开关设计中，其特征在于可忽略的串扰。 开关模块能够在两个波段上工作。 2×2开关模块具有打开状态或条状状态，其中光纤段的抛光部分彼此分离，并且抛光部分彼此光学接触的封闭或交叉状态。 该模块在条形状态下具有任意低的串扰，但通常在交叉状态下具有一些串扰。 在一个实施例中，第一2x2模块的第三端口耦合到第一端口第二2x2模块，而没有连接到模块的第二端口或第二模块的第三端口。 选择纤维参数（芯半径和数值孔径）和制造参数（纤维在相互作用区域中的曲率半径和最小边缘到边缘间距），以使开关模块具有高耦合比（接近于 统一）在两个不同的波段。
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公开(公告)号：US5082349A
公开(公告)日：1992-01-21
申请号：US541091
申请日：1990-06-20
CPC分类号： G02F1/3775 , G02F1/0353
摘要： A mode converter comprises an a-axis LiNbO.sub.3 optical fiber exhibiting a ferroelectric bi-domain structure. The fiber is subject to an electrical field that induces a +.pi./2 phase retardation in one domain of the fiber and a -.pi./2 phase retardation in the other domain. A light signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber is converted into a light signal propagating in the second order mode. When the electrical field is selected so that the phase retardations are not multiples of .pi./2, the mode conversion is partial and the LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can operate as an optical switch or as an amplitude modulator. The mode converter can also be operated as a second harmonic generator. The fiber is heated to a phase matching temperature so that a signal launched in the fundamental mode of the fiber and at a frequency .omega. is converted to the second order mode at a frequency 2.omega.. The LiNbO.sub.3 fiber can also simultaneously operate as an optical switch and as a second harmonic generator. Other non-linear interactions are possible such as sum or difference frequency generation or parametric generation. The various embodiments of the present invention are reciprocal.
摘要翻译： 模式转换器包括呈现铁电双畴结构的a轴LiNbO 3光纤。 纤维经受电场，其在纤维的一个区域中引起+π/ 2相位延迟，并在另一个域中引起a-π/ 2相位延迟。 以光纤的基本模式发射的光信号被转换成以二阶模式传播的光信号。 当选择电场使得相位延迟不是pi / 2的倍数时，模式转换是部分的，并且LiNbO 3光纤可以作为光开关或调幅器工作。 模式转换器也可以作为二次谐波发生器运行。 将光纤加热到相位匹配温度，使得以光纤的基本模式发射的信号以频率ω被转换为频率为2ω的二阶模式。 LiNbO3光纤也可以作为光开关和二次谐波发生器同时工作。 其他非线性相互作用是可能的，例如和或差频产生或参数生成。 本发明的各种实施例是相互的。
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公开(公告)号：US4986624A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-22
申请号：US147095
申请日：1988-01-20
申请人： Wayne V. Sorin , Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Wayne V. Sorin , Herbert J. Shaw
CPC分类号： G02B6/29334 , G02B6/14
摘要： A periodic grating structure is placed on a facing surface formed on an optical fiber so that the grating structure is within a portion of the evanescent field of an optical signal propagating through the optical fiber. The spatial periodicity of the grating structure is selected to be equal to one-half the propagation wavelength of the optical signal. The grating structure causes the optical signal to be reflected at an angle of 180 degress and thus to propagate in a reverse direction from its original direction of propagation.
摘要翻译： 周期性光栅结构被放置在形成在光纤上的面对表面上，使得光栅结构位于通过光纤传播的光信号的消逝场的一部分内。 选择光栅结构的空间周期等于光信号的传播波长的一半。 光栅结构使得光信号以180度的角度被反射，并因此从其原始的传播方向沿相反的方向传播。
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公开(公告)号：US4832437A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-23
申请号：US48142
申请日：1987-05-11
CPC分类号： G02B6/14 , G02B6/2821 , G02F1/0134
摘要： An optical fiber is subjected to a series of traveling flexural waves propagating along a length of the fiber. At least a portion of an optical signal propagating within the optical fiber in a first propagation mode is coupled to a second propagation mode. The optical signal in the second propagation mode has a frequency which is equal to either the sum of or the difference between the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode and the frequency of the traveling flexural waves. The frequency of the optical signal in the second propagation mode is shifted upward or downward from the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode as determined by the direction of propagation of the first optical signal with respect to the direction of propagation of the traveling flexural waves, and as also determined by whether the phase propagation velocity of the optical signal in the first propagation mode is greater than or less than the propagation velocity of the optical signal in the second propagation mode.
摘要翻译： 光纤经受沿纤维长度传播的一系列行进弯曲波。 以第一传播模式在光纤内传播的光信号的至少一部分耦合到第二传播模式。 第二传播模式中的光信号具有等于第一传播模式中的光信号的频率与行进的弯曲波的频率的和之和的频率的频率。 第二传播模式中的光信号的频率从第一传播模式中的光信号的频率向上或向下偏移，由第一光信号相对于传播的传播方向的传播方向确定 弯曲波，并且还根据第一传播模式中的光信号的相位传播速度是否大于或小于第二传播模式中的光信号的传播速度来确定。
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公开(公告)号：US4778237A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-18
申请号：US618032
申请日：1984-06-07
CPC分类号： G02B6/266 , G02B6/2821 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/2861 , G02F1/3523
摘要： A fiber optic saturable absorber for processing optical signals comprises an optical fiber from which a portion of the cladding is removed to form a facing surface. A light-absorbing substance having non-linear light-absorbing characteristics is applied to the facing surface such that a portion of the optical signal energy is transferred from the fiber to the substance where it is absorbed. The device selectively attenuates the optical signal and noise, and can be used to reduce pulse waveform distortion caused by pulse broadening and by amplification of system noise.
摘要翻译： 用于处理光信号的光纤可饱和吸收器包括光纤，其中去除了包层的一部分以形成面对表面。 具有非线性光吸收特性的光吸收物质被施加到相对表面，使得光信号能量的一部分从纤维转移到被吸收的物质。 该器件选择性地衰减光信号和噪声，可用于减少由脉冲展宽和系统噪声放大引起的脉冲波形失真。
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公开(公告)号：US4773758A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-27
申请号：US900768
申请日：1986-08-27
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw
CPC分类号： G01H9/004 , G01D5/35303 , G01J9/02 , G01J2009/0226
摘要： A closed loop optical fiber interferometer is used in sensing a quantity, Q, by applying a time varying or modulated measure of, Q, asymmetrically to the closed loop (24) and detecting phase shift between two counterpropagating optical signals in the closed loop. The closed loop (24) can be used as the sensing element or a separate sensor (68, 70) can develop a time varying signal which is then applied to the closed loop interferometer.
摘要翻译： 闭环光纤干涉仪用于通过对闭环（24）不对称地应用时变或调制测量Q来检测数量Q，并检测闭环中两个反向传播光信号之间的相移。 闭环（24）可以用作感测元件，或者单独的传感器（68,70）可以产生随后施加到闭环干涉仪的时变信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4495656A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-22
申请号：US417506
申请日：1982-09-13
CPC分类号： H04B10/00 , G02B6/2861
摘要： A digital word generator uses a tap fiber optic delay line to generate a sequence of pulses. The pulses are weighted and combined to produce a digital word.
摘要翻译： 数字字发生器使用抽头光纤延迟线来产生脉冲序列。 脉冲被加权并组合以产生数字字。
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公开(公告)号：US4493528A
公开(公告)日：1985-01-15
申请号：US139511
申请日：1980-04-11
申请人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
发明人： Herbert J. Shaw , Ralph A. Bergh
CPC分类号： G02B6/3536 , G02B6/2826 , G02B6/283 , G02B6/3594 , Y10S359/90
摘要： Apparatus and method of manufacture for coupling optical power between two strands of fiber optic material in a given direction of propagation. The coupler employs generally parallel, intersecting strands of fiber optic material having the cladding removed on one side thereof to within a few microns of the fiber cores in the region of intersection to permit light transfer between the strands.
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9.发明授权Technique of reducing the Kerr effect and extending the dynamic range in a brillouin fiber optic gyroscope 失效降低克尔效应并扩展布里渊光纤陀螺仪动态范围的技术
公开(公告)号：US5537671A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-16
申请号：US383776
申请日：1995-02-10
CPC分类号： G01C19/72 , G02F2001/211 , G02F2001/212 , G02F2201/58 , G02F2203/15 , G02F2203/21
摘要： A Brillouin fiber optic gyroscope includes an intensity modulator in the optical loop which periodically attenuates the Brillouin light waves counterpropagating in the optical loop so that the counterpropagating Brillouin waves each propagate as square waves. The use of square wave modulation for the counterpropagating light wave reduces the cross-effect of the Brillouin waves to substantially the same magnitude as the self-effect so that the non-reciprocal Kerr effect is substantially reduced or eliminated. In order to support the counterpropagating square waves, the optical loop is pumped with pump light having frequency components selected to pump the optical fiber to provide Brillouin light at frequencies necessary to generate square waves in the counterpropagating Brillouin light waves. In addition, the Brillouin light must be generated at the correct intensity and phase relationship to form the square wave. Because the relationship between the pump light and the generated Brillouin light is a non-linear function, the relative magnitudes of the frequency components of the pump light are selected to be different from the relative magnitudes of the Brillouin light so that when the pump light is applied to the optical loop, the transfer function results in the correct magnitudes for the frequency components of the Brillouin light. The intensity modulator assures that the Brillouin light is maintained in the proper phase relationship to maintain a square waveform.
摘要翻译： 布里渊光纤陀螺仪包括光环路中的强度调制器，其周期性地衰减在光环路中相反传播的布里渊光波，使得反向传播的布里渊波每个以方波传播。 对于相反传播的光波使用方波调制将布里渊波的交叉效应降低到与自身效应基本相同的大小，从而大大减少或消除了非倒数克尔效应。 为了支持相反的方波，光环路泵浦具有频率分量选择泵浦光纤的泵浦光，以提供在反向传播布里渊光波中产生方波所需频率所需的布里渊光。 此外，必须以正确的强度和相位关系产生布里渊光，形成方波。 由于泵浦光和所产生的布里渊光之间的关系是非线性函数，因此泵浦光的频率分量的相对大小被选择为与布里渊光的相对幅度不同，因此当泵浦光 应用于光环路，传递函数对布里渊光的频率分量产生正确的幅度。 强度调制器确保布里渊光保持在适当的相位关系，以保持方波。
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公开(公告)号：US5177562A
公开(公告)日：1993-01-05
申请号：US880290
申请日：1992-05-04
CPC分类号： G01B9/0209 , G01C19/721 , H01S3/06795 , G01B2290/70
摘要： The present invention discloses a thermally stable rare-earth doped fiber source comprising an active medium such as Erbium or Neodymium. The thermal stability of the mean wavelength of such a source is determined by three contributions as expressed by the following differential equation: ##EQU1## The first term is the intrinsic temperature dependence of the active medium, the second term is the pump power dependence and the third term is a contribution that arises from the dependence of the emission wavelength on the pump wavelength. The method of the present invention minimizes the temperature dependence on the mean wavelength by using the above equation and optimizing the values of the pump power and the pump wavelength so that the three contributions in the governing equation cancel each other.
摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种包含铒或钕等活性介质的热稳定性稀土掺杂光纤源。 这种源的平均波长的热稳定性由以下微分方程表示的三个贡献确定：第一项是活性介质的固有温度依赖性，第二项是 泵浦功率依赖性，第三项是由发射波长对泵浦波长的依赖性引起的贡献。 本发明的方法通过使用上述方程使对平均波长的温度依赖性最小化，并优化泵功率和泵浦波长的值，使得控制方程中的三个贡献相互抵消。
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