摘要:
A process for producing chlorine dioxide comprises flowing an aqueous acidified chlorite salt solution of into a catalyst element, wherein the catalyst element comprises an aluminosilicate hydrogel-bonded porous ceramic support defining a plurality of tortuous pathways and catalyst particles and/or catalytic sites disposed on surfaces defining the tortuous pathways; and contacting the aqueous solution of chlorous acid with the catalyst particles and/or catalytic sites to form chlorine dioxide in the aqueous solution.
摘要:
An electrochemical cell for the continuous acidification of alkaline water sources and recovery of carbon dioxide with simultaneous continuous hydrogen gas production having a center compartment, an electrolyte-free anode compartment having a mesh anode in direct contact with an ion permeable membrane, an endblock in direct contact with the anode where the endblock provides a gas escape route behind the anode, an electrolyte-free cathode compartment having a mesh cathode in direct contact with an ion permeable membrane, and an endblock in direct contact with the cathode where the endblock provides a gas escape route behind the cathode. Current applied to the electrochemical cell for generating hydrogen gas also lowers the pH of the alkaline water to produce carbon dioxide with no additional current or power. Also disclosed is the related method for continuously acidifying alkaline water sources and recovering carbon dioxide with continuous hydrogen gas production.
摘要:
Processes for generating chlorine dioxide generally include acidifying an alkali metal chlorite solution; and contacting the acidified alkali metal chlorite solution with a solid phase chlorine-containing material to produce chlorine dioxide. An exemplary system for generating chlorine dioxide generally includes a water source in fluid communication with a conduit that is fluidly connected to a vessel, wherein the vessel comprises a housing, an inlet in fluid communication with the housing and the conduit, an outlet, and a solid phase chlorine-containing material disposed within the housing; an acid source downstream from the water source in fluid communication with the conduit; and a chlorite ion source in fluid communication with the conduit downstream from the acid source. Various means are provided for the acid source.
摘要:
A process for reducing and/or eliminating biofilm growth and removal thereof formed during operation of pressure-induced filtration systems such as reverse osmosis systems. The systems and methods are particularly suitable for use with pressure-driven membrane filtration, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.
摘要:
An electrolytic process and apparatus (20) for oxidizing inorganic or organic species is disclosed. The process and apparatus includes contacting a solution containing the inorganic or organic species with an electrocatalytic material disposed in the electrolytic reactor (200). Also disclosed is a process for fabricating a ceramic catalyst material for use in the electrolytic reactors (200) and processes.
摘要:
A system and process for oxidizing inorganic or organic species is disclosed. The system and process includes feeding a dilute aqueous alkali metal halite solution into a cation exchange column, wherein the cation exchange column contains a cation exchange material; contacting the dilute aqueous alkali metal halite solution with the cation exchange material to produce an effluent containing halous acid; feeding the effluent containing halous acid into a catalytic reactor containing a catalytic material; and contacting the halous acid containing effluent with the catalytic material to produce a halogen oxide.
摘要:
A system and process for oxidizing inorganic or organic species is disclosed. The system and process includes feeding a dilute aqueous alkali metal halite solution into an cation exchange column, wherein the cation exchange column contains a cation exchange material; contacting the dilute aqueous alkali metal halite solution with the cation exchange material to produce an effluent containing halous acid; feeding the effluent containing halous acid into a catalytic reactor containing a catalytic material; and contacting the halous acid containing effluent with the catalytic material to produce a halogen oxide.
摘要:
An improved electrodeionization apparatus and method are provided. The electrodeionization apparatus includes electrolyte compartments, ion-concentrating, and ion-depleting compartments, having electroactive media therein. The electroactive media can be induced to have a reversible change in its chemical or electrical properties upon imposition of an external electrical field or the presence of an electrically charged substance. The change in chemical or electrical properties of the media results in a desired change in the transport or chemical properties of the media. The incorporation of the improved electroactive media also provides for an improved, and more reliable electrodeionization process in applications requiring chemical and temperature resistance media, where localized pH shifts would be harmful to the product being deionized, under temperature and chemical conditions of the liquid to be processed, or under circumstances where traditional media would tend to foul.
摘要:
The invention is directed to an apparatus and methods of its use to generate chlorine dioxide. The apparatus comprises three cation exchange resin chambers in fluidic communication to convert chlorite salt into chlorine dioxide. Unlike previous converters, the invention utilizes an novel method of acidifying some of the chlorite to produce a more effective process. The invention can achieve a 100% theoretical yield which is s significant improvement over the 80% theoretical yield in previous attempts using non-acidifying chemistry. The method also avoids the need for expensive catalysts.
摘要:
A method for recovering carbon dioxide from acidified seawater using a membrane contactor and passing seawater with a pH less than or equal to 6 over the outside of a hollow fiber membrane tube while applying vacuum or a hydrogen sweep gas to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane tube, wherein up to 92% of the re-equilibrated [CO2]T is removed from the natural seawater.