公开(公告)号：US07103137B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-05

申请号：US10202273

申请日：2002-07-24

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

IPC: G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/005 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N2223/423 ,  G01T1/2985

Abstract: A scanning unit for identifying contraband within objects, such as cargo containers and luggage, moving through the unit along a first path comprises at least one source of a beam of radiation movable across a second path that is transverse to the first path and extends partially around the first path. A stationary detector transverse to the first path also extends partially around the first path, positioned to detect radiation transmitted through the object during scanning. In one example, a plurality of movable X-ray sources are supported by a semi-circular rail perpendicular to the first path and the detector, which may be a detector array is also semi-circular and perpendicular to the path. A fan beam may also be used. Radiographic images may be obtained and/or computed tomography (“CT”) images may be reconstructed. The images may be analyzed for contraband. Methods of scanning objects are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 用于识别物体内的违禁品的扫描单元，例如货物集装箱和行李箱，沿着第一路径移动通过该单元包括至少一个辐射源的源，该辐射束可跨越横向于第一路径的第二路径并部分地围绕 第一条路。 横向于第一路径的固定式检测器也部分地围绕第一路径延伸，定位成在扫描期间检测透过物体的辐射。 在一个示例中，多个可移动X射线源由垂直于第一路径的半圆形轨道支撑，并且可以是检测器阵列的检测器阵列也是半圆形的并且垂直于路径。 也可以使用扇形光束。 可以获得放射照相图像和/或计算机断层摄影（“CT”）图像。 图像可能被分析为违禁品。 还公开了扫描对象的方法。

公开(公告)号：US08000436B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-16

申请号：US12080860

申请日：2008-04-07

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi ,  John Ford ,  Marcel Marc

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi ,  John Ford ,  Marcel Marc

IPC: G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/005 ,  G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419

Abstract: A scanning unit for inspecting objects comprises in one example a radiation source, a movable platform to support an object, and a detector positioned to receive radiation after interaction of radiation with the object. The platform is movable at least partially within a cavity defined, at least partially, below at least one of the source or the detector. In another scanning unit, a first conveyor conveys an object to a movable platform, and second and third conveyors convey the object from the platform. The second and third conveyors are at different vertical heights. In another scanning unit, images from an energy sensitive detector and a spatial detector are fused. In a method, scanning parameters during CT scanning are changed and images reconstructed before and after the change. In another method, an object is scanned with X-ray beams having first and second energy distributions, generated by the same X-ray source.

Abstract translation: 用于检查物体的扫描单元在一个示例中包括辐射源，用于支撑物体的可移动平台以及定位成在辐射与物体相互作用之后接收辐射的检测器。 该平台至少部分地在至少部分地在源或检测器中的至少一个之下限定的空腔内移动。 在另一个扫描单元中，第一输送器将物体传送到可移动平台，第二和第三输送机从平台传送物体。 第二和第三输送机处于不同的垂直高度。 在另一个扫描单元中，来自能量敏感检测器和空间检测器的图像被融合。 在一种方法中，CT扫描期间的扫描参数被改变，并且在改变之前和之后重建图像。 在另一种方法中，用具有由相同X射线源产生的第一和第二能量分布的X射线束扫描物体。

公开(公告)号：US20080205583A1

公开(公告)日：2008-08-28

申请号：US12151362

申请日：2008-05-06

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

IPC: A61B6/00 ,  G01N23/204

CPC classification number: G01V5/005 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N2223/423 ,  G01T1/2985

Abstract: Systems and methods for the radiation scanning of objects, including large objects such as cargo containers, to identify contraband.

Abstract translation: 用于物体辐射扫描的系统和方法，包括大型物体，如货物集装箱，以识别违禁品。

公开(公告)号：US07369640B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-06

申请号：US11515479

申请日：2006-09-01

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

IPC: G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/005 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N2223/423 ,  G01T1/2985

Abstract: In one example, a scanning unit for examining contents of a cargo container is disclosed comprising a first path through the scanning unit for transport of a cargo container and one or more sources of respective beams of radiation. At least one of the one or more sources are movable across a second path transverse to the first path. The second path extends partially around the first path. The scanning unit further comprises a detector extending partially around the first path. The detector is positioned to detect radiation interacting with the cargo container during scanning, such as radiation transmitted through the container. The at least one source and the detector are positioned so that the cargo container is transportable along the first path, between the source and the detector. A transport system may be provided to convey the object through the scanning unit, along the first path.

Abstract translation: 在一个示例中，公开了一种用于检查货物集装箱的内容物的扫描单元，其包括通过扫描单元的第一路径，用于运输货物集装箱和一个或多个相应的辐射源。 所述一个或多个源中的至少一个源可横跨第一路径的第二路径移动。 第二路径部分围绕第一路径延伸。 扫描单元还包括部分围绕第一路径延伸的检测器。 检测器被定位成在扫描期间检测与货物集装箱相互作用的辐射，例如透过容器的辐射。 所述至少一个源和检测器被定位成使得货物容器能够沿着源和检测器之间的第一路径传送。 可以提供传送系统以沿着第一路径通过扫描单元传送物体。

公开(公告)号：US07672422B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-02

申请号：US12151362

申请日：2008-05-06

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi ,  Marcel Marc ,  John Ford

IPC: G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01V5/005 ,  G01N23/04 ,  G01N2223/423 ,  G01T1/2985

Abstract: Systems and methods for the radiation scanning of objects, including large objects such as cargo containers, to identify contraband.

Abstract translation: 用于物体辐射扫描的系统和方法，包括大型物体，如货物集装箱，以识别违禁品。

公开(公告)号：US07356115B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-08

申请号：US10310060

申请日：2002-12-04

Applicant: John Ford ,  Edward J. Seppi

Inventor： John Ford ,  Edward J. Seppi

IPC: G01N23/04

CPC classification number: G01V5/005 ,  G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419

Abstract: A scanning unit for inspecting objects comprises in one embodiment a radiation source to emit a beam of radiation, a rotatable platform to support an object for inspection by the beam of radiation and a detector positioned to receive radiation after interaction of the beam with the object. At least one of the platform, the source and the detector may be moved in a first direction, such as vertically. The object may be scanned while being rotated and moved to generate volumetric computed tomographic images. The rotational and movement of the platform and the object may also be indexed. The beam of radiation may be a horizontally extending cone beam or a fan beam. The detector may extend horizontally, as well. The rotational and/or vertical position of the platform may be used to direct the object along one of multiple exit paths. The scanning unit may provide a vertically extending radiation beam and a vertically extending detector to conduct line scanning. The radiation source may be a source of X-rays, for example. Multiple sources may be provided. The scanning unit may also provide a pencil beam and a movable detector to detect scattered radiation. The pencil beam may induce fission in fissionable material in the object. The source of the pencil beam may be a source of neutrons or gamma rays, for example. Stimulated emissions, such as nuclear resonance fluorescence, may also be detected.

Abstract translation: 用于检查物体的扫描单元包括在一个实施例中用于发射辐射束的辐射源，用于支撑被辐射束检查的物体的可旋转平台以及定位成在光束与物体相互作用之后接收辐射的探测器。 平台，源和检测器中的至少一个可以在诸如垂直的第一方向上移动。 可以在旋转和移动物体的同时扫描物体以产生体积计算机断层图像。 平台和物体的旋转和移动也可以被索引。 辐射束可以是水平延伸的锥形束或扇形束。 检测器也可以水平延伸。 平台的旋转和/或垂直位置可以用于沿着多个出口路径之一引导物体。 扫描单元可以提供垂直延伸的辐射束和垂直延伸的检测器来进行扫描。 例如，辐射源可以是X射线源。 可以提供多个来源。 扫描单元还可以提供笔形束和可移动检测器来检测散射的辐射。 铅笔光束可能在物体中的可裂变材料中引发裂变。 例如，铅笔光束的源可以是中子或伽马射线的源。 刺激的排放物，如核共振荧光，也可能被检测。

公开(公告)号：US07737972B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-15

申请号：US11403377

申请日：2006-04-13

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi

IPC: G06T17/00

CPC classification number: A61B6/02 ,  A61B6/027 ,  A61B6/466 ,  A61B6/583 ,  G06T11/006 ,  G06T2211/424

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for implementing an analytical approach to digital volumetric laminar tomography. The volumetric data visualizations generally take the form of volumetric images which approximate the spatial distribution of an x-ray attenuation coefficient throughout the region of interest in the object, such as a person, under examination. These visualizations are produced from a set of basic two dimensional data. One numerical technique employed in this regard takes the form of a process of convolution and back projection, where the convolution function is determined through the use of various analytic and empirical techniques.

Abstract translation: 提供了系统和方法来实现数字体积层析成像的分析方法。 体数据可视化通常采取体积图像的形式，其近似于正在检查的对象（例如人）中的感兴趣区域的x射线衰减系数的空间分布。 这些可视化是由一组基本二维数据产生的。 在这方面采用的一种数值技术是卷积和反投影过程的形式，其中卷积函数通过使用各种分析和经验技术来确定。

公开(公告)号：US07397904B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-08

申请号：US11127343

申请日：2005-05-11

Applicant: Gary Virshup ,  James Boye ,  Edward J. Seppi ,  Heinrich Riem ,  Govin Dasani ,  Edward Shapiro

Inventor： Gary Virshup ,  James Boye ,  Edward J. Seppi ,  Heinrich Riem ,  Govin Dasani ,  Edward Shapiro

IPC: G21K3/00

CPC classification number: G21K1/10

Abstract: Devices and methods for implementing selective, or asymmetric, attenuation of an x-ray beam. In one example, a filter is provided that is substantially in the form of a wedge where some portions of the filter are thicker, and thus provide greater attenuation, than other, thinner portions of the filter. The filter is situated between the target surface of the anode and the x-ray subject so that x-rays generated by the target pass through the filter before reaching the x-ray subject. Specifically, the filter is oriented so that the thicker portion of the filter receives the higher intensity portion of the x-ray beam, while the thinner portion of the filter receives the relatively lower intensity portion of the x-ray beam. Thus, the gain profile of the x-ray beam is flattened so that the intensity, or flux, of the x-ray beam is relatively uniform throughout a substantial portion of the beam profile.

Abstract translation: 用于实现X射线束的选择性或不对称衰减的装置和方法。 在一个示例中，提供基本上为楔形件的过滤器，其中过滤器的一些部分比过滤器的其它较薄部分更厚，因此提供更大的衰减。 过滤器位于阳极的目标表面和X射线对象之间，使得由目标产生的x射线在到达x射线物体之前通过过滤器。 具体地，过滤器被定向成使得过滤器的较厚部分接收x射线束的较高强度部分，而过滤器的较薄部分接收x射线束的较低强度部分。 因此，x射线束的增益分布被平坦化，使得x射线束的强度或通量在光束轮廓的整个实质部分中相对均匀。

公开(公告)号：US5692507A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-02

申请号：US352269

申请日：1994-12-07

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi ,  Edward G. Shapiro ,  Robert L. Anderson

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi ,  Edward G. Shapiro ,  Robert L. Anderson

IPC: A61B6/03 ,  H04N5/32 ,  H05G1/64 ,  A61B6/00

CPC classification number: H05G1/64 ,  A61B6/032 ,  A61B6/583 ,  H04N5/32 ,  A61B6/548 ,  Y10S128/92

Abstract: Disclosed is a low cost computer tomographic (CT) scanner system specifically designed for radiation therapy treatment planning. A 512-channel photo-diode array with digitizing electronics converts image intensifier optical projection data directly into digital signals and has a dynamic range on the order of 100,000:1. The new simulator includes a rotating gantry, an X-ray generator with radiographic and fluoroscopic modes and a therapy style patient support assembly. Results on head and body size phantoms indicate that the simulator X-ray generator and image intensifier tube (IIT) with multi-channel photo-detector can produce photon statistic limited CT images. Software and hardware compensation methods are described which minimize geometrical distortions. Low noise, high input impedance electronics are employed which are phase-locked to the line frequency. A dual sample interval method is employed which effectively increases the range of the digital signal produced by the front-end electronics by three additional bits.

Abstract translation: 公开了专门用于放射治疗治疗计划的低成本计算机断层摄影（CT）扫描仪系统。 具有数字化电子设备的512通道光电二极管阵列将图像增强器光学投影数据直接转换为数字信号，并具有100,000：1的动态范围。 新的模拟器包括旋转机架，具有放射照相和透视模式的X射线发生器和治疗方式的患者支撑组件。 头部和体型模型的结果表明，具有多通道光电探测器的模拟器X射线发生器和图像增强管（IIT）可以产生光子统计有限的CT图像。 描述了最小化几何失真的软件和硬件补偿方法。 使用低噪声，高输入阻抗电子器件，其与线路频率锁相。 采用双采样间隔方法，其通过三个附加位有效地增加由前端电子器件产生的数字信号的范围。

公开(公告)号：US4452081A

公开(公告)日：1984-06-05

申请号：US429579

申请日：1982-09-30

Applicant: Edward J. Seppi

Inventor： Edward J. Seppi

IPC: A61B8/00 ,  G01H5/00 ,  G01K11/24 ,  G01N29/07 ,  G01S15/88 ,  G01N29/00 ,  G01K11/22

CPC classification number: G01H5/00 ,  G01K11/24 ,  G01N29/07 ,  G01N2291/02881

Abstract: Temperature inside a tissue volume is noninvasively determined on the basis of its known relationship with the velocity of ultrasound inside the volume. The velocity of ultrasound between two field points inside the volume of interest is calculated from measurements of differences in transit times of sound beams scattered in substantially opposite directions at these field points.

Abstract translation: 基于其与体积内的超声波速度的已知关系，非组织地确定组织体积内的温度。 通过在这些场点处以基本相反方向散射的声束的传播时间差的测量来计算感兴趣体积内的两个场点之间的超声波速度。