公开(公告)号：US5623183A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-22

申请号：US408210

申请日：1995-03-22

申请人： Curtis G. Allen ,  Richard B. True

发明人： Curtis G. Allen ,  Richard B. True

IPC分类号： H01J37/063

CPC分类号： H01J37/063 ,  B01D53/007 ,  B01D2259/812 ,  H01J2237/083 ,  H01J2237/3165

摘要： An electron gun for use in remediation of hazardous volatile organic compounds is provided. The electron gun comprises a cathode having a concave emitting surface and a dome-shaped focusing electrode concentrically surrounding the emitting surface. The focusing electrode has an inwardly protruding lip portion that extends at least partially into a beam focusing region defined in front of the emitting surface. A target grid is spaced from the cathode and a negative voltage is applied between the emitting surface and the target. The target grid has a surface area that is substantially larger than an associated surface area of the emitting surface. An electron beam is provided by the emitting surface in response to the negative voltage, and is focused into a broad diverging beam by the focusing electrode. The electron gun may be configured for temperature limited emission or space charge limited emission.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于修复有害挥发性有机化合物的电子枪。 电子枪包括具有凹发射表面的阴极和同心地围绕发射表面的圆顶形聚焦电极。 聚焦电极具有向内突出的唇部，其至少部分地延伸到限定在发射表面前面的束聚焦区域。 目标栅极与阴极间隔开，并且在发射表面和靶之间施加负电压。 目标栅格具有基本上大于发射表面的相关表面积的表面积。 电子束由发射表面响应于负电压提供，并且被聚焦电极聚焦成宽的发散光束。 电子枪可以被配置用于温度限制发射或空间电荷限制发射。

公开(公告)号：US06236713B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-22

申请号：US09179805

申请日：1998-10-27

申请人： Richard B. True ,  James C. Taylor ,  Christopher P. Ferrari ,  Curtis G. Allen ,  Thomas M. Bemis

发明人： Richard B. True ,  James C. Taylor ,  Christopher P. Ferrari ,  Curtis G. Allen ,  Thomas M. Bemis

IPC分类号： H01J3514

CPC分类号： H01J35/06 ,  H01J3/12 ,  H01J35/14

摘要： A variable spot size x-ray tube comprises a cathode having an electron emitting surface providing an electron beam that travels essentially along the tube axis of symmetry to an anode. The anode, spaced from the cathode, includes a target, the front surface of which is disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the axis of symmetry. The potential of the anode is generally positive with respect to that of the cathode. The cathode is heated to a temperature at which electrons are emitted by the thermionic emission process. Current from the cathode can be controlled by varying the cathode temperature if the cathode is operated in the temperature limited region. The incident electron beam forms a spot on the target surface whereupon x-rays are produced in response to impingement of the electron beam on the target. The x-rays propagate outwardly from the target spot through a vacuum window to form a beam of x-radiation outside the x-ray tube. An aperture grid is disposed between the cathode and the anode, and has a central aperture permitting the electron beam to pass therethrough. The aperture grid further has a variable voltage applied to it which may be positive, negative, or equal to the potential of the cathode. The voltage on the control grid is used to control the diameter of the electron beam which impinges upon the target. Specifically, the electron beam diameter varies in correspondence with the variable aperture grid voltage, and selective variation of the electron beam diameter results in a corresponding variation in size of the x-ray imaging spot.

摘要翻译： 可变点尺寸x射线管包括具有电子发射表面的阴极，该电子发射表面提供基本上沿着管对称轴线向阳极行进的电子束。 与阴极间隔开的阳极包括靶，其前表面相对于对称轴线倾斜设置。 阳极的电位通常相对于阴极的电位为正。 将阴极加热到通过热离子发射过程发射电子的温度。 如果阴极在温度限制区域中运行，则可以通过改变阴极温度来控制来自阴极的电流。 入射的电子束在目标表面上形成一个点，因此响应于电子束撞击靶而产生X射线。 x射线从靶点向外传播通过真空窗口，以在x射线管外部形成x辐射束。 孔栅格设置在阴极和阳极之间，并且具有允许电子束通过的中心孔。 孔径栅格还具有施加到其上的可变电压，其可以是正的，负的或等于阴极的电位。 控制网格上的电压用于控制撞击目标的电子束的直径。 具体地，电子束直径与可变孔径栅极电压相对应地变化，并且电子束直径的选择性变化导致x射线成像光斑的尺寸的相应变化。

公开(公告)号：US5483074A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-09

申请号：US371286

申请日：1995-01-11

申请人： Richard B. True

发明人： Richard B. True

IPC分类号： H01J3/02 ,  H01J33/00 ,  H01J37/063

CPC分类号： H01J33/00 ,  H01J3/027 ,  H01J37/063

摘要： A flood beam electron gun is provided for use in remediation of hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOC) contained within a detoxification vessel. The flood beam electron gun comprises an electron emitter having a rounded emitting surface providing a conical electron beam. A control grid is spaced from and disposed substantially parallel to the emitting surface. The control grid has a plurality of holes disposed in a first pattern providing an array of individual electron beams from the conical electron beam of the emitter. An intermediate electrode is spaced from the emitter and the control grid, and has an aperture therethrough providing a substantially parallel flow of the array of individual electron beams. A target grid is spaced from the intermediate electrode and opposite from the cathode and control grid. The target grid has a plurality of holes disposed in a second pattern that is proportional to and substantially larger than the first pattern. Each of the individual electron beams pass through respective ones of the plurality of holes in registration thereof. A vacuum barrier is provided on a downstream side of the target grid to separate the electron gun from the vessel. The individual electron beams pass through the vacuum barrier into the vessel. Within the vessel, the electrons of the individual beams impact the VOCs, converting the VOCs to less hazardous organic compounds.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种泛光束电子枪，用于修复排毒容器内含有的有害挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。 泛光束电子枪包括具有提供锥形电子束的圆形发射表面的电子发射器。 控制栅格与发射表面基本平行地间隔开并且被设置成基本上平行于发射表面。 控制栅格具有设置在第一图案中的多个孔，从发射器的锥形电子束提供单独的电子束阵列。 中间电极与发射器和控制栅极间隔开，并且具有通孔，其提供单独电子束阵列的基本上平行的流动。 目标网格与中间电极间隔开并与阴极和控制栅极相对。 目标栅格具有以与第一图案成比例并且基本上大于第一图案的第二图案布置的多个孔。 每个单独的电子束通过其对准的多个孔中的相应的一个。 在目标栅格的下游侧设置真空阻挡层，以将电子枪与容器分离。 各个电子束通过真空屏障进入容器。 在容器内，单个梁的电子影响VOC，将VOC转化为危害较小的有机化合物。

公开(公告)号：US4593230A

公开(公告)日：1986-06-03

申请号：US362790

申请日：1982-03-29

申请人： Richard B. True

发明人： Richard B. True

IPC分类号： H01J23/06 ,  H01J23/065 ,  H01J29/48 ,  H01J1/46 ,  H01J29/46

CPC分类号： H01J23/065

摘要： An improved dual-mode electron gun includes a close-in and a further control grid to control the laminar flow of electrons which pass from the smooth spherical surface of a cathode toward an annular anode. In the high mode of operation, the close-in grid is maintained, for example, at +36 volts while the further grid is maintained at +250 volts. During the low mode of operation, the close-in grid is maintained at -36 volts while the further grid potential is +250 volts. The two control grids are divided into inner circular and an outer annular areas. The close-in grid has more conductive elements in its outer annular area than in the same area of the further grid. The two grids are then aligned so that the close-in grid functions as a control grid to block the flow of electrons from the outer annular area during the low mode of operation and as a shadow grid for the further control grid during both low and high modes of operation.

摘要翻译： 改进的双模电子枪包括一个接近的和另一个控制栅格，以控制从阴极的平滑球形表面向环形阳极通过的电子层流。 在高工作模式下，保持接近的栅格，例如在+36伏特，而另外的栅格保持在+250伏特。 在低操作模式下，接近电网保持在-36伏特，而另外的电网电压为+250伏特。 两个控制栅格分为内圆环和外环形区。 靠近的栅格在其外环形区域中具有比在另外栅格的相同区域中更多的导电元件。 然后将两个栅格对准，使得接近栅格用作控制栅格，以在低操作模式期间阻止来自外部环形区域的电子流，并且作为用于在低和高期间的另外的控制栅格的阴影栅格 操作模式。

公开(公告)号：US5389854A

公开(公告)日：1995-02-14

申请号：US917815

申请日：1992-07-21

申请人： Richard B. True

发明人： Richard B. True

IPC分类号： H01J23/027

CPC分类号： H01J23/027

摘要： An electron collector is provided for collecting spent electrons generated by a cathode of an electron gun after passage through an interaction region of a microwave device. The collector comprises a bucket having internal walls which define an enclosed region having an entrance aperture through which electrons pass after exiting the microwave device. An electrode is disposed proximate the entrance aperture within the enclosed region. A positive potential is applied to the electrode with respect to the microwave device. The potential forms a substantially ion-free region at the entrance aperture which promotes the efficient dispersal of the spent electrons due to space charge.

摘要翻译： 提供电子收集器用于在通过微波器件的相互作用区域之后收集由电子枪的阴极产生的废电子。 收集器包括具有内壁的桶，其限定具有入射孔的封闭区域，电子在离开微波装置之后通过该入口孔。 电极靠近封闭区域内的入口孔设置。 相对于微波装置对电极施加正电位。 该电位在入口孔处形成基本上无离子的区域，其促进由于空间电荷而有效地分散废电子。

公开(公告)号：US5332945A

公开(公告)日：1994-07-26

申请号：US881041

申请日：1992-05-11

申请人： Richard B. True

发明人： Richard B. True

IPC分类号： H01J23/06 ,  H01J3/02 ,  H01J23/065 ,  H01J29/46 ,  H01J1/46

CPC分类号： H01J3/029 ,  H01J23/065

摘要： A Pierce electron gun is provided having a cathode, a focusing electrode surrounding the cathode, and an anode disposed a fixed distance from the cathode and having an opening therethrough. The electron gun has at least one grading electrode disposed between the focusing electrode and the anode. The grading electrode controls shape of equipotential lines of an electric potential difference provided between the anode and the cathode, to purposely reduce field gradient levels formed by the electric potential difference. The grading electrode further has a double radial bend having an inner radial curve of a first radius and an outer radial curve of a second radius.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种皮尔斯电子枪，其具有阴极，围绕阴极的聚焦电极以及与阴极设置成固定距离且具有穿过其中的开口的阳极。 电子枪具有设置在聚焦电极和阳极之间的至少一个分级电极。 分级电极控制设置在阳极和阴极之间的电位差的等电位线的形状，以有意地减小由电位差形成的场梯度电平。 分级电极还具有双径向弯曲，其具有第一半径的内径向曲线和第二半径的外径向曲线。

公开(公告)号：US5461282A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-24

申请号：US14376

申请日：1993-02-05

申请人： Glenn P. Scheitrum ,  Richard B. True

发明人： Glenn P. Scheitrum ,  Richard B. True

IPC分类号： H01J23/07 ,  H01J23/087 ,  H01J23/10 ,  H01J25/02

CPC分类号： H01J25/025 ,  H01J23/07 ,  H01J23/0873 ,  H01J23/10

摘要： An advanced center post (ACP) gun is provided which is capable of producing either a large orbit or small orbit electron beam. The gun comprises an annular shaped cathode, a control electrode adjacent the cathode, and an annular anode having an opening therethrough. A center post is disposed axially within the center region of the cathode and the control electrode along a center line of the electron gun and interaction region of a microwave device. The anode is shaped in conjunction with the center post to control position of equipotential lines of an electric field provided in an inter-electrode space between the cathode and the anode so that an electron beam emitted by the cathode converges at the anode opening. The control electrode provides electrostatic focusing of the beam to further control the beam convergence. Multiple polepieces provide accurate control of the magnetic field in the interaction region to shape the beam and control the orbit size and velocity spread.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种能够产生大轨道或小轨道电子束的先进的中心柱（ACP）枪。 枪包括环形阴极，与阴极相邻的控制电极和具有穿过其中的开口的环形阳极。 中心柱沿着电子枪的中心线和微波装置的相互作用区域沿轴向设置在阴极和控制电极的中心区域内。 阳极与中心柱结合形成，以控制设置在阴极和阳极之间的电极间空间中的电场的等势线的位置，使得由阴极发射的电子束在阳极开口处会聚。 控制电极提供光束的静电聚焦以进一步控制光束会聚。 多个极点提供对相互作用区域中磁场的精确控制，以形成光束并控制轨道尺寸和速度扩展。

公开(公告)号：US4737680A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-12

申请号：US850255

申请日：1986-04-10

申请人： Richard B. True ,  Donald E. Laycock

发明人： Richard B. True ,  Donald E. Laycock

IPC分类号： H01J1/46 ,  H01J23/065 ,  H01J29/48 ,  H01J29/46

CPC分类号： H01J25/04 ,  H01J1/46 ,  H01J23/065

摘要： An improved grid arrangement is shown for a gridded electron gun wherein the control grid and/or shadow grid is provided with tapering grid vanes which reduce the amount of voltage required to cut off the electron beam. Alternately, a fewer number of grid vanes may be utilized to accomplish the same cutoff of the electron beam thus reducing the loading on the cathode and improving the transmission of the electron beam.

摘要翻译： 对于格栅电子枪示出了改进的格栅布置，其中控制栅格和/或阴影栅格设置有锥形栅格叶片，其减少切断电子束所需的电压量。 或者，可以使用较少数量的格栅叶片来实现电子束的相同截止，从而减少阴极上的负载并改善电子束的透射。

公开(公告)号：US4074265A

公开(公告)日：1978-02-14

申请号：US724930

申请日：1976-09-20

申请人： Richard B. True

发明人： Richard B. True

IPC分类号： G01S7/38 ,  H01P5/12

CPC分类号： H01P5/12 ,  G01S7/38

摘要： An electronic countermeasures system for use at an operating frequency, f, includes a receiving antenna, a transmitting antenna, and first and second turnstile junctions, in which each of the junctions comprises the geometry of four rectangular ridged waveguides arranged as arms in the shape of a cross, and a fifth cylindrical quadridge waveguide opening into the common intersection of said arms and extending orthogonal to such formed cross and with each of two opposed ones of the waveguide arms including a short circuit termination, the effective distance between such short circuit terminations being equal to one-half wavelength at the operating frequency. Included in this combination are means for coupling the output of the receiving antenna to the fifth waveguide means of the first junction serving as an input; means for coupling the transmitting antenna input to the fifth waveguide means of the second junction serving as an output; first signal processing means coupled between one arm of said first junction and the corresponding input arm of said second junction; and second signal processing means coupled between the remaining arm of said first junction and the remaining corresponding arm of said second junction.

公开(公告)号：US5332948A

公开(公告)日：1994-07-26

申请号：US883426

申请日：1992-05-13

申请人： Richard B. True ,  Alan J. Theiss ,  Douglas B. Lyon

发明人： Richard B. True ,  Alan J. Theiss ,  Douglas B. Lyon

IPC分类号： H01J23/00 ,  H01J23/087 ,  H01J25/34

CPC分类号： H01J23/005 ,  H01J23/0873 ,  H01J25/34

摘要： An electron beam focusing system is provided within a microwave amplification tube formed from a plurality of magnetic polepieces interposed by non-magnetic spacers. The tube has an axially disposed beam tunnel which permits projection of the electron beam therethrough. A magnetic field is induced in the tube having lines of flux which flow through the polepieces along a magnetic axis. Heat formed within the circuit flows through the spacers to an external planar surface along a thermal axis, which is non-coincident with said magnetic axis. In an alternative embodiment, a plurality of the tubes can be combined into a common system for focusing a plurality of electron beams. The tubes within the common system share heat sinks which attach to the planar surfaces.

摘要翻译： 在由非磁性间隔物插入的多个磁极构成的微波放大管内设置电子束聚焦系统。 管具有轴向设置的束通道，其允许电子束从其中突出。 在管中感应出磁场，该磁场具有沿着磁轴流过磁极的磁通线。 在电路内形成的热量沿着与所述磁轴不重合的热轴线流过间隔件到外部平坦表面。 在替代实施例中，多个管可以组合成用于聚焦多个电子束的公共系统。 公共系统内的管道共享连接到平面表面的散热器。