公开(公告)号：US20230142948A1

公开(公告)日：2023-05-11

申请号：US18150783

申请日：2023-01-05

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN

IPC: G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F3/0647 ,  G06F3/0613 ,  G06F3/068 ,  G06F3/064 ,  G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/065 ,  G06F3/0689 ,  G06F2213/28 ,  G06F13/28

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for managing context information for data stored within a non-volatile memory of a computing device. According to some embodiments, the method can include (1) loading, into a volatile memory of the computing device, the context information from the non-volatile memory, where the context information is separated into a plurality of silos, (2) writing transactions into a log stored within the non-volatile memory, and (3) each time a condition is satisfied: (i) identifying a next silo of the plurality of silos to be written into the non-volatile memory, (ii) updating the next silo to reflect the transactions that apply to the next silo, and (iii) writing the next silo into the non-volatile memory. In turn, when an inadvertent shutdown of the computing device occurs, the silos of which the context information is comprised can be sequentially accessed and restored in an efficient manner.

公开(公告)号：US20240264777A1

公开(公告)日：2024-08-08

申请号：US18639614

申请日：2024-04-18

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew J. BYOM ,  Tudor ANTONIU ,  Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN ,  Muhammad N. ASHRAF

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G06F12/0875

CPC classification number: G06F3/0659 ,  G06F3/061 ,  G06F3/0644 ,  G06F3/0679 ,  G06F12/0875 ,  G06F2212/1016

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for balancing write commands directed to a non-volatile memory. According to some embodiments, a method may include caching a plurality of write commands into a write cache, and, in response to determining that an available capacity of the write cache satisfies a first threshold value: performing at least one write operation by directing data associated with the write commands in the write cache to the first partition of the non-volatile memory in response to determining that an available capacity of a first partition of the non-volatile memory satisfies a second threshold value; and performing at least one write operation by directing data associated with the write commands in the write cache to a second partition of the non-volatile memory in response to determining that the available capacity of the first partition of the non-volatile memory does not satisfy the second threshold value.

公开(公告)号：US20220147258A1

公开(公告)日：2022-05-12

申请号：US17648540

申请日：2022-01-20

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN

IPC: G06F3/06

Abstract: Systems and methods for balancing multiple partitions of non-volatile memory devices are provided. Embodiments discussed herein execute a balance proportion scheme in connection with a NVM that is partitioned to have multiple partition types. Each partition type has an associated endurance that defines an average number of program/erase (P/E) cycles it can endure before it reaches failure. For example, a first partition type may have a substantially greater endurance than a second partition type. The balance proportion scheme ensures that, even though each partition type has a different associated endurance, all partition types are used proportionally with respect to each other to balance their respective P/E cycles. This way, both partition types will reach the upper limits of their respective endurance levels out at approximately the same time.

公开(公告)号：US20210011819A1

公开(公告)日：2021-01-14

申请号：US17033420

申请日：2020-09-25

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN ,  Tudor ANTONIU

IPC: G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G06F12/02

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for managing context information for data stored within a computing device. According to some embodiments, the method can include the steps of (1) loading, into a volatile memory of the computing device, the context information from a non-volatile memory of the computing device, where the context information is separated into a plurality of portions, and each portion of the plurality of portions is separated into a plurality of sub-portions, (2) writing transactions into a log stored within the non-volatile memory, and (3) each time a condition is satisfied: identifying a next sub-portion to be processed, where the next sub-portion is included in the plurality of sub-portions of a current portion being processed, identifying a portion of the context information that corresponds to the next sub-portion, converting the portion from a first format to a second format, and writing the portion into the non-volatile memory.

公开(公告)号：US20200326857A1

公开(公告)日：2020-10-15

申请号：US16381969

申请日：2019-04-11

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN ,  Evgeny TELEVITCKIY

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G06F11/07

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for managing parity information for data stored on a storage device. A method includes (1) receiving a request to store data into the storage device, (2) storing portions of the data in data pages included in stripes in a band of the storage device, where a respective data page is stored on a respective different die of a respective stripe, (3) determining primary parity information for a first stripe including a subset of the data pages, (4) storing the primary parity information in a primary parity page included in a second stripe in the stripes in the band, where the primary parity page is disposed on a next available die relative to dies storing the data pages, (5) determining secondary parity information for the second stripe, and (6) storing the secondary parity information in a secondary parity page included in the stripes in the band.

公开(公告)号：US20190286369A1

公开(公告)日：2019-09-19

申请号：US16124154

申请日：2018-09-06

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Yuhua LIU ,  Andrew W. VOGAN ,  Matthew J. BYOM ,  Alexander PALEY

IPC: G06F3/06

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for reducing write amplification when processing write commands directed to a non-volatile memory. According to some embodiments, the method can include the steps of (1) receiving a first plurality of write commands and a second plurality of write commands, where the first plurality of write commands and the second plurality of write commands are separated by a fence command (2) caching the first plurality of write commands, the second plurality of write commands, and the fence command, and (3) in accordance with the fence command, and in response to identifying that at least one condition is satisfied: (i) issuing the first plurality of write commands to the non-volatile memory, (ii) issuing the second plurality of write commands to the non-volatile memory, and (iii) updating log information to reflect that the first plurality of write commands precede the second plurality of write commands.

公开(公告)号：US20190102253A1

公开(公告)日：2019-04-04

申请号：US15721267

申请日：2017-09-29

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Evgeny TELEVITCKIY ,  Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN

IPC: G06F11/10 ,  G06F3/06

CPC classification number: G06F11/1076 ,  G06F3/0619 ,  G06F3/0644 ,  G06F3/0673

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for managing parity information for data stored on a storage device. According to some embodiments, the method includes the steps of (1) receiving a request to store data into the storage device, (2) writing respective portions of the data into a plurality of data pages included in a first stripe of the storage device, where each data page is stored on a respective different die of the storage device, (3) calculating primary parity information for the first stripe, (4) writing the primary parity information into a primary parity page included in a second stripe of the storage device, (5) calculating secondary parity information for the second stripe, and (6) writing the secondary parity information into a secondary parity page included in a third stripe of the storage device. Additionally, a copy of the secondary parity information can be established to further-enhance redundancy.

公开(公告)号：US20220326877A1

公开(公告)日：2022-10-13

申请号：US17222978

申请日：2021-04-05

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Matthew J. BYOM ,  Tudor ANTONIU ,  Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN ,  Muhammad N. ASHRAF

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G06F12/0875

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for balancing write commands directed to a non-volatile memory. According to some embodiments, a method may include caching a plurality of write commands into a write cache, and, in response to determining that an available capacity of the write cache satisfies a first threshold value: performing at least one write operation by directing data associated with the write commands in the write cache to the first partition of the non-volatile memory in response to determining that an available capacity of a first partition of the non-volatile memory satisfies a second threshold value; and performing at least one write operation by directing data associated with the write commands in the write cache to a second partition of the non-volatile memory in response to determining that the available capacity of the first partition of the non-volatile memory does not satisfy the second threshold value.

公开(公告)号：US20200089580A1

公开(公告)日：2020-03-19

申请号：US16136189

申请日：2018-09-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN ,  Tudor ANTONIU

IPC: G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G06F12/02

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for managing context information for data stored within a computing device. According to some embodiments, the method can include the steps of (1) loading, into a volatile memory of the computing device, the context information from a non-volatile memory of the computing device, where the context information is separated into a plurality of portions, and each portion of the plurality of portions is separated into a plurality of sub-portions, (2) writing transactions into a log stored within the non-volatile memory, and (3) each time a condition is satisfied: identifying a next sub-portion to be processed, where the next sub-portion is included in the plurality of sub-portions of a current portion being processed, identifying a portion of the context information that corresponds to the next sub-portion, converting the portion from a first format to a second format, and writing the portion into the non-volatile memory.

公开(公告)号：US20190102101A1

公开(公告)日：2019-04-04

申请号：US15721081

申请日：2017-09-29

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Alexander PALEY ,  Andrew W. VOGAN

IPC: G06F3/06 ,  G06F13/28

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for managing context information for data stored within a non-volatile memory of a computing device. According to some embodiments, the method can include (1) loading, into a volatile memory of the computing device, the context information from the non-volatile memory, where the context information is separated into a plurality of silos, (2) writing transactions into a log stored within the non-volatile memory, and (3) each time a condition is satisfied: (i) identifying a next silo of the plurality of silos to be written into the non-volatile memory, (ii) updating the next silo to reflect the transactions that apply to the next silo, and (iii) writing the next silo into the non-volatile memory. In turn, when an inadvertent shutdown of the computing device occurs, the silos of which the context information is comprised can be sequentially accessed and restored in an efficient manner.