Abstract:
An apparatus and process are described that allow electroplating to fill sub-micron, high aspect ratio semiconductor substrate features using a non-copper/pre-electroplating layer on at least upper portions of side walls of the features, thereby providing reliable bottom up accumulation of the electroplating fill material in the feature. This apparatus and process eliminates feature filling material voids and enhances reliability of the electroplating in the diminishing size of features associated with future technology nodes of 22, 15, 11, and 8 nm. Modification of an upper portion of a metal seed layer allows for filling of the feature using electroplated fill material accumulating from the bottom of the feature up to reliability and predictability and substantially void-free.