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    Toner grafting processes
    4.
    发明授权
    Toner grafting processes 失效
    调色剂接枝工艺

    公开(公告)号：US5650252A

    公开(公告)日：1997-07-22

    申请号：US669118

    申请日：1996-06-24

    申请人： T. Hwee Ng ,  Arthur Helbrecht ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Richard P. N. Veregin

    发明人： T. Hwee Ng ,  Arthur Helbrecht ,  Raj D. Patel ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Richard P. N. Veregin

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08 ,  G03G9/087

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 ,  G03G9/0806 ,  G03G9/0815

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin; and(v) thereafter washing the toner obtained, adding initiator, adding monomer, polymerizing by heating, and thereafter cooling, followed by an optional second washing.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将所述结合的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近; 和（v）然后洗涤所获得的调色剂，加入引发剂，加入单体，通过加热进行聚合，然后冷却，然后进行任选的第二次洗涤。

    Toner aggregation process
    5.
    发明授权
    Toner aggregation process 失效
    调色剂聚合过程

    公开(公告)号：US5370964A

    公开(公告)日：1994-12-06

    申请号：US158343

    申请日：1993-11-29

    申请人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    发明人： Raj D. Patel ,  Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz ,  Michael A. Hopper ,  Melvin D. Croucher ,  T. Hwee Ng ,  William J. Dale

    IPC分类号： G03G9/08

    CPC分类号： G03G9/0815 ,  G03G9/0804

    摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of pigment, an ionic surfactant, and an optional charge control agent;(ii) shearing the pigment dispersion with a polymeric latex comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and which latex contains a nonionic surfactant thereby forming a homogeneous or a uniform blend;(iii) heating the above sheared homogeneous blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) reshearing the above electrostatically bound toner aggregates (iii) to fragment or break down said toner aggregates of (iii) into smaller average diameter particle size;(v) heating the resulting formed sheared homogeneous blend (iv) comprised of resin, pigment particles, and the ionic, counterionic and nonionic surfactants in water below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin while continuously stirring at about 450 to about 800 revolutions per minute to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(vi) adding further ionic or nonionic surfactant in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of water to minimize further growth or enlargement of the particles in the coalescence step (vii); and(vii) heating the formed statically bound aggregated particles of (vi) about above the Tg of the resin to provide coalesced particles of toner(viii) separating said toner; and(ix) drying said toner.

    摘要翻译： 一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）在水中制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂的聚合胶乳剪切颜料分散体，并且该胶乳含有非离子表面活性剂，从而形成均匀或均匀的共混物; （iii）在树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）附近加热上述剪切均匀混合物以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）重新研磨上述静电结合的调色剂聚集体（iii）以将（iii）的所述调色剂聚集体碎裂或分解成更小的平均直径粒径; （v）在低于约玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的树脂下，将所形成的由树脂，颜料颗粒和离子型，抗衡离子和非离子表面活性剂组成的剪切的均匀混合物（iv）加热至约450至约 800转/分钟，形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）以约0.1至约10重量％的水加入另外的离子或非离子表面活性剂以最小化在聚结步骤（vii）中颗粒的进一步生长或增大; （vii）将所形成的静态结合的（vi）聚集的颗粒加热到树脂的Tg附近，以提供聚结的调色剂颗粒（viii）分离所述调色剂; 和（ix）干燥所述调色剂。

    Processes for preparing copolymers
    10.
    发明授权
    Processes for preparing copolymers 失效
    制备共聚物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US6124409A

    公开(公告)日：2000-09-26

    申请号：US929457

    申请日：1992-08-12

    申请人： T. Hwee Ng ,  Hadi K. Mahabadi ,  Man C. Tam ,  Gregory J. Kovacs ,  Eric M. Peters ,  Rafik O. Loutfy

    发明人： T. Hwee Ng ,  Hadi K. Mahabadi ,  Man C. Tam ,  Gregory J. Kovacs ,  Eric M. Peters ,  Rafik O. Loutfy

    IPC分类号： C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/06 ,  C08F2/18 ,  C08F4/38

    CPC分类号： C08F2/001 ,  C08F2/06 ,  Y10S526/921

    摘要： Disclosed is a process for preparing copolymers which comprises, in the order stated: (1) adding monomers containing unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds, a first polymerization initiator, a second polymerization initiator, and a solvent to a reaction vessel; (2) purging the resulting solution with an inert gas; (3) sealing the reaction vessel and pressurizing it by addition of an inert gas to a pressure of from about 20 to about 600 kilopascals over ambient atmospheric pressure; (4) maintaining the temperature within the pressurized reaction vessel at a temperature of from about 50 to about 100.degree. C. for a period of from about 60 to about 300 minutes; (5) thereafter maintaining the temperature within the pressurized reaction vessel at a temperature of from about 80 to about 115.degree. C. for a period of from about 30 to about 300 minutes, wherein the temperature in step (5) is higher than the temperature in step (4); and (6) subsequently maintaining the temperature within the pressurized reaction vessel at a temperature of from about 115 to about 160.degree. C. for a period of from about 30 to about 180 minutes, wherein the temperature in step (6) is higher than the temperature in step (5). Polymers prepared according to the process of the present invention can be particularly useful in migration imaging members.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备共聚物的方法，其顺序包括：（1）向反应容器中加入含有不饱和碳 - 碳键的单体，第一聚合引发剂，第二聚合引发剂和溶剂; （2）用惰性气体吹扫所得溶液; （3）密封反应容器并通过在环境大气压下加入约20至约600千帕斯卡的惰性气体对其加压; （4）将加压反应容器内的温度维持在约50至约100℃的温度下约60至约300分钟; （5）之后将加压反应容器内的温度保持在约80至约115℃的温度下约30至约300分钟的时间，其中步骤（5）中的温度高于温度 在步骤（4）中; 和（6）随后将加压反应容器内的温度保持在约115至约160℃的温度下约30至约180分钟的时间，其中步骤（6）中的温度高于 步骤（5）中的温度。 根据本发明的方法制备的聚合物可以在迁移成像构件中特别有用。