摘要:
A method for calibrating a mass flow controller comprising a calibrating valve disposed on the most upstream side of a path, a mass flow rate control valve mechanism, a tank provided at the path on the upstream side of the mass flow rate control valve mechanism, a mass-flow-rate-sensing means, a pressure-sensing means, a means for controlling the mass flow rate control valve mechanism, and a mass flow rate calibration control means, the method comprising the steps of (1) permitting a fluid at a set mass flow rate to flow through the path, (2) setting the mass flow rate control valve mechanism at a degree of opening that the mass flow rate of the fluid is equal to the set mass flow rate, (3) closing the calibrating valve, (4) measuring the pressure and mass flow rate of the fluid after a fluid flow from the tank is stabilized, (5) determining a variation ratio of the pressure and mass flow rate to reference pressure and mass flow rate measured by the same procedures in an initial state, is and (6) performing calibration depending on the variation ratio.
摘要:
The invention is intended to provide a mass flow control device incorporating a verification tank, in which the mass flow testing operations are conducted by the device itself. A mass flow control device comprises control means 18 for controlling a flow control valve mechanism based on an externally input flow set signal and a flow signal. The mass flow control device is equipped with a mass flow detector means 8 and a flow control valve mechanism 10 both of which are set in a channel 6 through which a fluid flows. The mass flow detector means 8 detects the mass flow of the fluid that flows through the channel and outputs the flow signal. The flow control valve mechanism 10 controls the mass flow by altering the valve aperture by means of valve drive signals. The mass flow control device is also equipped with a verification valve 42, a verification tank 44 and pressure detector means 46 in the channel. The verification valve 42 opens and closes the channel. The verification tank 44 has a certain volume. The pressure detector means 46 detects the pressure of the fluid and outputs pressure detection signals. The mass flow control device is also equipped with verification control means 48 which controls the detection valve and detection tank and pressure detector means to carry out the mass flow testing operations.
摘要:
A method for calibrating a mass flow controller comprising a calibrating valve disposed on the most upstream side of a path, a mass flow rate control valve mechanism, a tank provided at the path on the upstream side of the mass flow rate control valve mechanism, a mass-flow-rate-sensing means, a pressure-sensing means, a means for controlling the mass flow rate control valve mechanism, and a mass flow rate calibration control means, the method comprising the steps of (1) permitting a fluid at a set mass flow rate to flow through the path, (2) setting the mass flow rate control valve mechanism at a degree of opening that the mass flow rate of the fluid is equal to the set mass flow rate, (3) closing the calibrating valve, (4) measuring the pressure and mass flow rate of the fluid after a fluid flow from the tank is stabilized, (5) determining a variation ratio of the pressure and mass flow rate to reference pressure and mass flow rate measured by the same procedures in an initial state, and (6) performing calibration depending on the variation ratio.
摘要:
A mass flow controller arranged to perform mass flow test operation in the controller itself by incorporating a test tank. The mass flow controller is provided, in a channel (6) for feeding fluid, with a means (8) for detecting the mass flow rate of fluid flowing through the channel and outputting a flow rate signal, and a mechanism (10) for controlling the mass flow rate by varying the valve opening by a valve drive signal.
摘要:
A method of wastewater reutilization by which reusable water can be stably obtained from a wastewater. Ozone is added to a wastewater, such as water resulting from sewage treatment, in such a small amount as to result in a residual ozone concentration as measured before membrane filtration of 0.01-1.0 mg/L. Ozone is thus brought into contact with fine solids contained in the wastewater to alter the surface properties of the fine solids so that the solids are easily to coagulate. Thereafter, a coagulant, e.g., PACl, is added from a coagulant addition device(3). The fine solids are coagulated in a coagulation tank(5) or a line mixer and the resultant water is subjected to membrane filtration with an ozone-resistant separation membrane(6) such as ceramic membrane. Thus, reusable water is obtained which has a residual ozone concentration, as measured after filtration through the membrane, less than 0.5 mg/L.
摘要:
Shutoff valve apparatus comprising: a valve block 80 having a valve chest on which gas collects temporarily, an inlet flow path 34 which makes gas flow into a valve chest, an outlet flow path 40 into which gas is made to flow out of a valve chest, a valve seat 44 located in the inlet port of an inlet flow path, or the outlet port, a diaphragm valve element 38 located in the opposed position of the valve seat and closes the valve port by contacting with the valve seat, pressing means 82 for pressing diaphragm valve element, an actuator plate 84 disposed at the opposite side of the valve chest so that the diaphragm valve element may be opposed, an operation chamber 86 divided with the actuator plate, and an operation gas supply exhaust mechanism in which operation gas is made to supply or exhaust into the operation chamber.
摘要:
A paper feeding device used for feeding stacked paper to an electrophotographic copying machine is provided with a lift for a stack of papers, which move the top sheet against a swingably supported feeding roller as the size of the stack decreases under use. Forwardly of the feeding roller in the direction of travel of the paper is a plate in frictional contact with the roller, the paper being thus fed forwardly to the copying machine through the nip between the roller and plate. This arrangement avoids the problem of a multifeed of the sheets. The feeding-out operation may be further improved by the provision of separating claws engaging the leading corners of the paper as it passes from the feeding roller. Raising of the lift is controlled by a detecting device actuated by position of the swingable support for the feeding roller.
摘要:
A mass flow rate-controlling apparatus including a mass flow rate-detecting mechanism 8 a flow rate-controlling valve mechanism 10 and a mechanism 44 for controlling the flow rate-controlling valve mechanism based on a flow rate-setting signal S0 input from outside and a flow rate signal S1, the flow path being provided with a pressure-detecting mechanism 42 for detecting the pressure of the fluid to output the detected pressure signal, so that the controlling mechanism selectively switches a first control mode for controlling the mass flow rate based on the flow rate signal and the flow rate-setting signal without using the detected pressure signal, and a second control mode for controlling the mass flow rate based on the detected pressure signal, the flow rate signal and the flow rate-setting signal, based on a pressure variation obtained from the detected pressure signal.
摘要:
The invention provides a side stream type membrane bioreactor process which does not cause an excessive fall in the MLSS concentration in a bioreactor, does not require any additional effluent treatment facility for discharging backwash effluent, and can further ensure the stability of the membrane filtration performance of a separation membrane. According to the invention, in a side stream type membrane bioreactor process, a backwash effluent containing foulants that are generated by backwashing a separation membrane is collected in a backwash effluent tank, and subjected to ozone treatment, and the resultant is returned to a bioreactor. By this ozone treatment, the foulants close to the membrane pore size of the separation membrane are made fine or are made into a state be easily taken into activated sludge flocs. Therefore, even when the treated effluent is returned to the bioreactor, the membrane filtration performance of the separation membrane is not deteriorated.
摘要:
A method for treating an organic sludge is provided which can sufficiently and efficiently solubilize an organic sludge to afford a high load of anaerobic digestion treatment with an improved digestion ratio and methane gas recovery amount thereby to widely decrease the amount of the organic sludge discharged from the method. The method includes a hot alkaline treatment for causing the organic sludge to become alkaline while maintaining the temperature of the sludge to ambient -100.degree. C. to solubilize organic matters in the sludge, and an anaerobic digestion treatment of anaerobically digesting the organic sludge after the hot alkaline treatment at a temperature of 20.degree.-60.degree. C. at a pH of 7.3-9.2.