公开(公告)号：US20120217475A1

公开(公告)日：2012-08-30

申请号：US13035231

申请日：2011-02-25

Applicant: Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: H01L29/06

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/041 ,  H01S5/3401 ,  H01S5/3406 ,  H01S5/3422

Abstract: Semiconductor optoelectronic devices based on type-II band alignments comprising a compound valence-band quantum well structure, known as an H-layer, are disclosed. The use of the H-layer structure allows simultaneous optimization of optical properties of the semiconductor structures as well as lattice matching of the various layers of the device. The use of H-layer valence-band quantum wells enables improvements to several optical device applications including semiconductor lasers, optical modulators, photon detectors and the like.

Abstract translation: 公开了基于II型带对准的半导体光电器件，其包括称为H层的化合价带量子阱结构。 使用H层结构允许半导体结构的光学性质的同时优化以及器件的各个层的晶格匹配。 使用H层价带隙量子阱能够改进包括半导体激光器，光学调制器，光子检测器等在内的几种光学器件应用。

公开(公告)号：US5047822A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-10

申请号：US172518

申请日：1988-03-24

Applicant: John W. Little, Jr. ,  Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： John W. Little, Jr. ,  Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: G02F1/015 ,  G02F1/017 ,  H01S5/00

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F1/01708 ,  G02F2001/01741

Abstract: A quantum well semiconductor device that is responsive to optical energy and operates by resonant field ionization of quantum confined excitons and comprises a semiconductor device including a multi-layered semiconductor structure fabricated on the substrate and including at least two quantum well layers of mutually different widths separated from each other by a semiconductor barrier layer. Because of the different widths, the two quantum well layers have distinct and different electron and hole sub-band energies which when an external electric field is applied across the semiconductor structure, it is possible to bring the electron sub-bands of the wells into resonance, whereupon electrons tunnel back and forth through the barrier layer thereby altering the light absorption coefficient near the excitonic absorption feature. This mechanism provides a means to phase shift or modulate the light traversing through the device.

Abstract translation: 一种量子阱半导体器件，其响应于光能并通过量子限制激子的谐振场电离进行操作，并且包括半导体器件，其包括制造在衬底上的多层半导体结构，并且包括至少两个互不相同宽度的量子阱层 彼此通过半导体阻挡层。 由于不同的宽度，两个量子阱层具有明显且不同的电子和空穴子带能量，当跨越半导体结构施加外部电场时，可以使阱的电子子带进入共振 因此电子通过阻挡层来回穿过，从而改变了靠近激子吸收特征的光吸收系数。 该机制提供了相移或调制穿过设备的光的手段。

公开(公告)号：US4545056A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-01

申请号：US622324

申请日：1984-06-19

Applicant: Donald E. Wortman ,  Clyde A. Morrison ,  Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： Donald E. Wortman ,  Clyde A. Morrison ,  Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: H01S1/00 ,  H01S3/0959 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: H01S1/005 ,  H01S3/0959

Abstract: A diffraction radiation generator in which a ribbon electron beam is directed over a diffraction grating within an open resonator at a selected velocity to generate coherent radiation. After passing through the open resonator, the ribbon beam is directed through aligned slits in two or more conductive elements to a collector. Progressively negative voltages relative to the grating voltage can be applied to the elements and the collector to decelerate the electrons forming the ribbon beam and thus minimize heating of the collector and increase the operating efficiency of the generator. Also, the elements and the collector can be utilized to analyze the ribbon beam.

Abstract translation: 衍射辐射发生器，其中带状电子束以选定的速度被引导到开放谐振器内的衍射光栅上以产生相干辐射。 在通过开放谐振器之后，带状光束通过两个或更多个导电元件中的对齐的狭缝引导到收集器。 可以将相对于光栅电压的逐渐负的电压施加到元件和集电器上以减少形成带状束的电子，从而使收集器的加热最小化并且提高发电机的工作效率。 此外，元件和收集器可以用于分析带状束。

公开(公告)号：US4571726A

公开(公告)日：1986-02-18

申请号：US595210

申请日：1984-03-30

Applicant: Donald E. Wortman ,  Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： Donald E. Wortman ,  Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: H01S1/00 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: H01S1/005

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the power output and efficiency of an orotron generating near millimeter wavelength radiation. In accordance with a theory of orotron operation described herein and confirmed experimentally, the ribbon-like electron beam utilized in the orotron has a very high current density to effect a large increase in orotron output power and efficiency due to space-charge effects in the beam. In the preferred embodiment, the high density electron beam is generated by a closely-packed rectangular array of field-emission cathodes.

Abstract translation: 一种用于增加产生近毫米波长辐射的电子管的功率输出和效率的方法和装置。 根据本文所述的操纵杆操作的理论并通过实验证实，在旋光管中使用的带状电子束具有非常高的电流密度，以便由于光束中的空间电荷效应而导致旋光管输出功率和效率的大幅增加 。 在优选实施例中，高密度电子束由场致发射阴极紧密堆叠的矩形阵列产生。

公开(公告)号：US20080232413A1

公开(公告)日：2008-09-25

申请号：US11929061

申请日：2007-10-30

Applicant: Richard P. Leavitt ,  John L. Bradshaw

Inventor： Richard P. Leavitt ,  John L. Bradshaw

IPC: H01S5/30

CPC classification number: H01S5/3402 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/12

Abstract: Quantum-cascade lasers are provided with an active section in which relaxation of carriers from a lower laser level is provided by three or more phonon-assisted transitions to levels within the active section whose energies are below the energy of the lower laser level. The gain region of the laser consists of alternating active and injector sections, with an injection barrier inserted between each injector section and the adjacent active section, and an exit barrier inserted between each active section and the adjacent injector section. The active section comprises a sufficient number of quantum wells separated by quantum barriers to produce the desired energy-level structure consisting of an upper laser level, a lower laser level, and at least three levels that have lower energies than the lower laser level, with the separation of adjacent energy levels below and including the lower laser level that are at least equal to the energy of the quantum well material's longitudinal optical phonon.

Abstract translation: 量子级联激光器设置有有源部分，其中来自较低激光器级的载流子的弛豫由三个或更多个声子辅助转换提供到能量低于较低激光器级的能量的有效部分内的电平。 激光器的增益区域由交替的有源和喷射器部分组成，其中插入在每个喷射器部分和相邻的活动部分之间的喷射屏障以及插入在每个激活部分和相邻喷射器部分之间的出口屏障。 有源部分包括由量子势垒隔开的足够数量的量子阱，以产生由上激光水平，较低激光水平以及具有比较低激光水平低的能量的至少三个等级组成的期望能量级结构，其中， 相邻能级之间的分离低于并且包括至少等于量子阱材料的纵向光学声子的能量的较低激光水平。

公开(公告)号：US4721362A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-26

申请号：US739749

申请日：1985-05-31

Applicant: Philip S. Brody ,  Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： Philip S. Brody ,  Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: G02B27/50 ,  G03H1/00 ,  G02B27/00 ,  G02B21/06 ,  G02B27/42 ,  G03H1/02

CPC classification number: G02B27/50 ,  G03H1/00 ,  Y10S359/90

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for producing an intensity image from a transparent phase object. A laser beam is generated and expanded. A shutter disposed in the path of the expanded laser beam is opened, and the expanded laser beam is split into first and second beams. The first beam is directed through the transparent phase object and focused into a photorefractive hologram recording crystal for the write time of the crystal. The shutter is closed, and the position of the transparent phase object is shifted an incremental amount. The shutter is opened again so that the first beam is directed through the shifted transparent phase object and into the photorefractive hologram recording crystal such that a phase-conjugate beam is produced traveling in the opposite direction of the first beam. The phase-conjugate beam is collimated, directed through the shifted transparent phase object, and split into third and fourth beams. The third beam is directed into the objective of a microscope to form an intensity image of the transparent phase object.

Abstract translation: 用于从透明相位物体产生强度图像的装置和方法。 产生并扩展激光束。 设置在扩大的激光束的路径中的快门被打开，并且扩大的激光束被分裂成第一和第二光束。 第一光束被引导通过透明相位物体并被聚焦成光折射全息图记录晶体以用于晶体的写入时间。 快门关闭，透明相位物体的位置移动一个增量。 快门被再次打开，使得第一光束被引导通过移动的透明相位物体并进入光折射全息图记录晶体，使得产生沿第一光束的相反方向行进的相位共轭光。 相位共轭光束被准直，通过偏移的透明相位物体引导，并分裂成第三和第四光束。 将第三光束引导到显微镜的目标中以形成透明相位物体的强度图像。

公开(公告)号：US07609738B2

公开(公告)日：2009-10-27

申请号：US11929061

申请日：2007-10-30

Applicant: Richard P. Leavitt ,  John L. Bradshaw

Inventor： Richard P. Leavitt ,  John L. Bradshaw

IPC: H01S5/00

CPC classification number: H01S5/3402 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/12

Abstract: Quantum-cascade lasers are provided with an active section in which relaxation of carriers from a lower laser level is provided by three or more phonon-assisted transitions to levels within the active section whose energies are below the energy of the lower laser level. The gain region of the laser consists of alternating active and injector sections, with an injection barrier inserted between each injector section and the adjacent active section, and an exit barrier inserted between each active section and the adjacent injector section. The active section comprises a sufficient number of quantum wells separated by quantum barriers to produce the desired energy-level structure consisting of an upper laser level, a lower laser level, and at least three levels that have lower energies than the lower laser level, with the separation of adjacent energy levels below and including the lower laser level that are at least equal to the energy of the quantum well material's longitudinal optical phonon.

Abstract translation: 量子级联激光器设置有有源部分，其中来自较低激光器级的载流子的弛豫由三个或更多个声子辅助转换提供到能量低于较低激光器级的能量的有效部分内的电平。 激光器的增益区域由交替的有源和喷射器部分组成，其中插入在每个喷射器部分和相邻的活动部分之间的喷射屏障以及插入在每个激活部分和相邻喷射器部分之间的出口屏障。 有源部分包括由量子势垒隔开的足够数量的量子阱，以产生由上激光水平，较低激光水平以及具有比较低激光水平低的能量的至少三个等级组成的期望能量级结构，其中， 相邻能级之间的分离低于并且包括至少等于量子阱材料的纵向光学声子的能量的较低激光水平。

公开(公告)号：US4829527A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-09

申请号：US603251

申请日：1984-04-23

Applicant: Donald E. Wortman ,  Herbert Dropkin ,  Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： Donald E. Wortman ,  Herbert Dropkin ,  Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: H01J23/207 ,  H01J25/02

CPC classification number: H01J25/02 ,  H01J23/207

Abstract: An orotron for generating near millimeter wavelength radiation at a selectable output frequency within a wide frequency range, in which the orotron output power is automatically tuned electronically at the selected output frequency. A piezoelectric electromechanical positioning device is connected between the two mirrors forming the open resonator of the orotron to determine the mirror separation in accordance with a position control signal. The electron beam acceleration voltage, which determines the orotron output frequency, and the position control signal are adjusted simultaneously so as to tune the output power at a single oscillation mode of the orotron resonator over a wide frequency range. In the preferred embodiment, the actual output frequency is detected and compared with the selected output frequency, and the beam acceleration voltage and mirror separation simultaneously adjusted to continuously tune and maintain the orotron output at the selected frequency.

Abstract translation: 用于在宽频率范围内以可选择的输出频率产生近毫米波长辐射的旋光管，其中旋光管输出功率以选定的输出频率被电子地自动调谐。 压电机电定位装置连接在形成旋光管的开放式谐振器的两个反射镜之间，以根据位置控制信号确定反射镜分离。 同时调节确定电子管输出频率的电子束加速电压和位置控制信号，以便在宽的频率范围内以独立振荡模式调节输出功率。 在优选实施例中，检测实际输出频率并与所选择的输出频率进行比较，同时调整光束加速电压和反射镜分离，以连续地调节和维持所选频率处的旋光管输出。

公开(公告)号：US4590596A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-20

申请号：US620975

申请日：1984-06-15

Applicant: Donald E. Wortman ,  Herbert Dropkin ,  Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： Donald E. Wortman ,  Herbert Dropkin ,  Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: H01S1/00 ,  H01S3/00

CPC classification number: H01S1/005

Abstract: Method and apparatus for modulating coherent radiation generated by an orotron in accordance with a low voltage control signal applied to the diffraction grating to vary the grating-to-cathode voltage from the cathode-to-collector voltage over a selected voltage range determined by the maximum and minimum values of the control voltage. For amplitude modulation, the grating-to-cathode voltage is varied within a voltage range between a lower voltage at which the orotron output power starts to fall abruptly and a cutoff voltage at which coherent radiation ceases. For frequency modulation, the grating-to-cathode voltage is varied within a voltage range, including the point of maximum power output, where there is a minimum change of output power with a change in the grating-to-cathode voltage.

Abstract translation: 用于根据施加到衍射光栅的低电压控制信号来调节由旋光管产生的相干辐射的方法和装置，以在由最大值确定的选定电压范围内将栅极与阴极电压从阴极到集电极电压改变 和控制电压的最小值。 对于幅度调制，光栅到阴极的电压在电磁波输出功率开始突然下降的较低电压和相干辐射停止的截止电压之间的电压范围内变化。 对于频率调制，光栅到阴极电压在电压范围内变化，包括最大功率输出点，其中随着光栅对阴极电压的变化，输出功率的变化最小。

公开(公告)号：US4331934A

公开(公告)日：1982-05-25

申请号：US89051

申请日：1979-10-29

Applicant: Clyde A. Morrison ,  Richard P. Leavitt

Inventor： Clyde A. Morrison ,  Richard P. Leavitt

IPC: H01J25/00 ,  H03B9/01

CPC classification number: H01J25/00

Abstract: The device of the invention comprises a body of dielectric material having a metallic surface on one portion thereof. An electron beam is passed adjacent a second portion of the dielectric body in order to generate electromagnetic radiation in the dielectric. A feedback loop is provided to improve the coherence of the radiation output.

Abstract translation: 本发明的装置包括在其一部分上具有金属表面的电介质材料体。 电子束相邻于介电体的第二部分通过，以在电介质中产生电磁辐射。 提供反馈回路以改善辐射输出的相干性。