公开(公告)号：US20080309168A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

申请号：US12047815

申请日：2008-03-13

申请人： Klaus Seidler ,  Joerg Engelhardt

发明人： Klaus Seidler ,  Joerg Engelhardt

IPC分类号： H02M1/12

CPC分类号： H02M1/12 ,  H05B3/0019

摘要： The invention relates to a method and to an arrangement for harmonic-wave suppression in AC voltage-operated PTC heaters, especially in frequency-stable and frequency-variable alternating-voltage networks in aerospace applications. The problem of harmonic-wave suppression for AC voltage-operated PTC heaters, in which the harmonic waves are suppressed by superimposing a correction current, which permits a simple and economical generation of the harmonic-wave suppression signal, is solved according to the invention by generating a correction current in a correction current circuit arranged parallel to the PTC heater using an ohmic resistor (4). The correction current is generated and additively superimposed exclusively for suppressing the third harmonic of the heating current of the PTC heater.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于交流电压操作的PTC加热器中的谐波抑制的方法和装置，特别是在航空应用中的频率稳定和频率可变的交流电压网络中。 根据本发明，根据本发明解决了通过叠加校正电流来抑制谐波的交流电压操作的PTC加热器的谐波抑制的问题，其允许简单和经济地产生谐波抑制信号 在使用欧姆电阻（4）平行于PTC加热器的校正电流电路中产生校正电流。 产生校正电流，并且相加地叠加地用于抑制PTC加热器的加热电流的三次谐波。

公开(公告)号：US5318278A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-07

申请号：US908667

申请日：1992-07-02

申请人： Rolf Bettinger ,  Klaus Seidler ,  Wolfgang Vogel ,  Manfred Fortmann ,  Dirk Moller

发明人： Rolf Bettinger ,  Klaus Seidler ,  Wolfgang Vogel ,  Manfred Fortmann ,  Dirk Moller

IPC分类号： C22C1/02 ,  C21C1/10 ,  C22B9/10 ,  C22B21/06 ,  C22B21/04

CPC分类号： C21C1/10 ,  C22B21/062 ,  C22B9/103

摘要： A method for the preparation of a mixture of at least one reactive element or an alloy thereof and a liquid metal melt, including introducing the reactive element or alloy thereof, in a liquid state and under pressure, within, i.e. below the surface of, the metal melt, is provided. An apparatus to facilitate the method above is also provided. The apparatus includes a crucible, an immersion pipe that passes into the crucible, an accommodating vessel for storing the reactive element or alloy thereof and a pressure unit.

摘要翻译： 一种制备至少一种反应性元件或其合金和液体金属熔体的混合物的方法，包括将液体状态和压力下的反应元素或合金引入其内，即在其表面下方 金属熔体。 还提供了一种便于上述方法的装置。 该装置包括坩埚，浸入坩埚中的浸入管，用于储存反应元件或其合金的容纳容器和压力单元。

公开(公告)号：US4525250A

公开(公告)日：1985-06-25

申请号：US329115

申请日：1981-12-09

申请人： Ludwig Fahrmbacher-Lutz ,  Klaus Seidler

发明人： Ludwig Fahrmbacher-Lutz ,  Klaus Seidler

IPC分类号： C23G1/08 ,  C23G1/10 ,  C25D5/34 ,  C25D5/38 ,  C25F1/04 ,  C25F1/08

CPC分类号： C23G1/10 ,  C23G1/086 ,  C23G1/106 ,  C25D5/34 ,  C25D5/38 ,  C25F1/04 ,  C25F1/08

摘要： A method for the chemical removal of oxide layers from the surface of objects made of metals, in particular those made of titanium, titanium alloys, nickel, nickel alloys and chrome-nickel steels, so that these objects can subsequently be effectively coated with metals. The removal of the oxide layers is effected in a nonaqueous organic medium containing a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and one or more alkali fluorides and/or ammonium fluoride. By practice of this method, interfering oxide films can be removed from the surfaces of workpieces made of the above-named metals or metal alloys, while maintaining stable dimensional accuracy, prior to a subsequent coating of the workpiece with other metals, in particular metal coating compositions such as aluminum, zinc or silver.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从金属，特别是由钛，钛合金，镍，镍合金和铬镍钢制成的物体表面化学去除氧化物层的方法，使得这些物体随后可以有效地涂覆金属。 氧化物层的去除在含有氟化氢和一种或多种碱性氟化物和/或氟化铵的混合物的非水有机介质中进行。 通过该方法的实践，在随后用其它金属涂覆工件，特别是金属涂层之前，可以从保持稳定的尺寸精度的同时，从上述金属或金属合金制成的工件的表面去除干扰氧化膜 组合物如铝，锌或银。

公开(公告)号：US20100052432A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-04

申请号：US12548624

申请日：2009-08-27

申请人： Klaus SEIDLER ,  Joerg Engelhardt ,  Lennard Janiak

发明人： Klaus SEIDLER ,  Joerg Engelhardt ,  Lennard Janiak

IPC分类号： H02M1/12

CPC分类号： H02M1/12

摘要： The invention is directed to a method and an arrangement for harmonic wave suppression in AC voltage-operated PTC heaters in which a harmonic component which is generated in the current of the PTC heater and which contains predominantly the third harmonic of the heating current is compensated by the superposition of correction signals. It is the object of the invention to find a novel possibility for a simple and robust suppression of harmonic waves in AC voltage-operated PTC heaters in which the permissible limiting values for harmonic distortion are not exceeded as a result of changes in heating output. This object is met according to the invention in that a voltage modulation is generated in a voltage modulator (4) arranged in series with the PTC heater (3), wherein a defined partial amplitude attenuation of the sinusoidal supply voltage (U1) is carried out as voltage modulation for suppressing the third harmonic in the heating current (I2) of the PTC heater (3).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于交流电压操作的PTC加热器中的谐波抑制的方法和装置，其中在PTC加热器的电流中产生并且主要包含加热电流的三次谐波的谐波分量由 校正信号的叠加。 本发明的目的是为了在AC电压工作的PTC加热器中简单且鲁棒地抑制谐波的可能性，其中由于加热输出的变化而不超过允许的谐波失真的极限值。 根据本发明，满足本发明的目的在于，在与PTC加热器（3）串联布置的电压调制器（4）中产生电压调制，其中执行正弦电源电压（U1）的限定的部分振幅衰减 作为用于抑制PTC加热器（3）的加热电流（I2）中的三次谐波的电压调制。

公开(公告)号：US07884503B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-08

申请号：US12047815

申请日：2008-03-13

申请人： Klaus Seidler ,  Joerg Engelhardt

发明人： Klaus Seidler ,  Joerg Engelhardt

IPC分类号： H02J1/02

CPC分类号： H02M1/12 ,  H05B3/0019

摘要： The invention relates to a method and to an arrangement for harmonic-wave suppression in AC voltage-operated PTC heaters, especially in frequency-stable and frequency-variable alternating-voltage networks in aerospace applications. The problem of harmonic-wave suppression for AC voltage-operated PTC heaters, in which the harmonic waves are suppressed by superimposing a correction current, which permits a simple and economical generation of the harmonic-wave suppression signal, is solved according to the invention by generating a correction current in a correction current circuit arranged parallel to the PTC heater using an ohmic resistor (4). The correction current is generated and additively superimposed exclusively for suppressing the third harmonic of the heating current of the PTC heater.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于交流电压操作的PTC加热器中的谐波抑制的方法和装置，特别是在航空应用中的频率稳定和频率可变的交流电压网络中。 根据本发明，根据本发明解决了通过叠加校正电流来抑制谐波的交流电压操作的PTC加热器的谐波抑制的问题，其允许简单和经济地产生谐波抑制信号 在使用欧姆电阻（4）平行于PTC加热器的校正电流电路中产生校正电流。 产生校正电流，并且相加地叠加地用于抑制PTC加热器的加热电流的三次谐波。