Abstract:
A current-perpendicular-to-the-plane magnetoresistive (CPP MR) sensor has a shield layers that also functions as the sensor's reference layer. In a CPP MR disk drive read head, the shield layer has a fixed magnetization oriented substantially parallel to the air-bearing surface (ABS) of the slider that supports the read head. The quiescent magnetization of the sensor free layer is oriented at an angle relative to the magnetization of the shield layer, preferably between 120 and 150 degrees, to optimize the sensor response to magnetic fields from the recorded data bits on the disk. The magnetization of the free layer is biased by a biasing structure that includes a ferromagnetic side biasing layer formed near the side edges of the free layer and a ferromagnetic back biasing layer that is recessed from the ABS and has a magnetization oriented generally orthogonal to the ABS.
Abstract:
Current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) read sensors for magnetic heads having constrained current paths made of lithographically-defined conductive vias, and methods of making the same, are disclosed. In one example, a sensor stack structure which includes an electrically conductive spacer layer is formed over a first shield layer. An insulator layer is deposited over and adjacent the spacer layer, and a resist structure which exposes one or more portions of the insulator layer is formed over the insulator layer. With the resist structure in place, the exposed insulator layer portions are removed by etching to form one or more apertures through the insulator layer down to the spacer layer. Electrically conductive materials are subsequently deposited within the one or more apertures to form one or more lithographically-defined conductive vias of a current-constraining structure.
Abstract:
An extraordinary magnetoresistive sensor (EMR sensor) having a lead structure that is self aligned with a magnetic shunt structure. To form an EMR sensor according to an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of layers are deposited to form quantum well structure such as a two dimensional electron gas structure (2DEG). A first mask structure is deposited having two openings, and a material removal process is performed to remove portions of the sensor material from areas exposed by the openings. The distance between the two openings in the first mask defines a distance between a set of leads and the shunt structure. A non-magnetic metal is then deposited. A second mask structure is then formed to define shape of the leads.
Abstract:
A write head structure for use with thermally assisted recording is disclosed. Improved heat sinking is provided for removing thermal energy created by a ridge aperture near field light transducer. Metal films conduct heat away from the region near the ridge aperture to the high pressure air film at the ABS between the head and media. This heat is further dissipated by the media. The metal films have varying thickness to improve lateral conductivity and may be composed of Au combined with a harder metal such as Ru to improve wear characteristics at the ABS.
Abstract:
A spin-torque oscillator (STO) has a single free ferromagnetic layer that forms part of both a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) structure with a nonmagnetic conductive spacer layer and a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) structure with a tunnel barrier layer. The STO has three electrical terminals that connect to electrical circuitry that provides a spin-torque excitation current through the conductive spacer layer and a lesser sense current through the tunnel barrier layer. When the STO is used as a magnetic field sensor, the excitation current causes the magnetization of the free layer to oscillate at a fixed base frequency in the absence of an external magnetic field. A detector coupled to the sense current detects shifts in the free layer magnetization oscillation frequency from the base frequency in response to external magnetic fields.
Abstract:
A current-perpendicular-to-the-plane magnetoresistive (CPP MR) sensor has a shield layers that also functions as the sensor's reference layer. In a CPP MR disk drive read head, the shield layer has a fixed magnetization oriented substantially parallel to the air-bearing surface (ABS) of the slider that supports the read head. The quiescent magnetization of the sensor free layer is oriented at an angle relative to the magnetization of the shield layer, preferably between 120 and 150 degrees, to optimize the sensor response to magnetic fields from the recorded data bits on the disk. The magnetization of the free layer is biased by a biasing structure that includes a ferromagnetic side biasing layer formed near the side edges of the free layer and a ferromagnetic back biasing layer that is recessed from the ABS and has a magnetization oriented generally orthogonal to the ABS.
Abstract:
A write head structure for use with thermally assisted recording is disclosed. Improved heat sinking is provided for removing thermal energy created by a ridge aperture near field light transducer. Metal films conduct heat away from the region near the ridge aperture to the high pressure air film at the ABS between the head and media. This heat is further dissipated by the media. The metal films have varying thickness to improve lateral conductivity and may be composed of Au combined with a harder metal such as Ru to improve wear characteristics at the ABS.
Abstract:
A method for manufacturing an extraordinary magnetoresistive sensor (EMR sensor) having reduced size and increased resolution is described. The sensor includes a plurality of electrically conductive leads contacting a magnetically active layer and also includes an electrically conductive shunt structure. The electrically conductive leads of the sensor and the shunt structure can be formed in a common photolithographic masking and etching process so that they are self aligned with one another. This avoids the need to align multiple photolithographic processing steps, thereby allowing greatly increased resolution and reduced lead spacing. The EMR sensor can be formed with a magnetically active layer that can be close to or at the air bearing surface (ABS) for improved magnetic spacing with an adjacent magnetic medium of a data recording system.
Abstract:
Current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) read sensors having constrained current paths made of lithographically-defined conductive vias with surrounding oxidized metal sublayers, and methods of making the same, are disclosed. In one illustrative example, at least part of a sensor stack structure which includes an electrically conductive spacer layer is formed. A metal (e.g. Ta) sublayer is then deposited over and adjacent the spacer layer, followed by one of an oxidation process, a nitridation process, and an oxynitridation process, to produce an insulator (e.g. TaOx) from the metal sublayer. The metal sublayer deposition and oxidation/nitridation/oxynitridation processes are repeated as necessary to form the insulator with a suitable thickness. Next, a resist structure which exposes one or more portions of the insulator is formed over the insulator. With the resist structure in place, exposed insulator materials are removed by etching to form one or more apertures through the insulator down to the spacer layer. Electrically conductive materials are subsequently deposited within the one or more apertures to form one or more lithographically-defined conductive vias of a current-constraining structure. Advantageously, the lithographically-defined conductive vias increase the current density of the read sensor in the region of the sensing layers to thereby simultaneously increase its resistance and magnetoresistance. With use of the process of oxidation, nitridation, or oxynitridation on each metal sublayer, degradation of the spacer layer is reduced or eliminated such that the desirable soft magnetics of the sensing layers in the read sensor are maintained.
Abstract:
A spin-torque oscillator (STO) has a single free ferromagnetic layer that forms part of both a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) structure with a nonmagnetic conductive spacer layer and a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) structure with a tunnel barrier layer. The STO has three electrical terminals that connect to electrical circuitry that provides a spin-torque excitation current through the conductive spacer layer and a lesser sense current through the tunnel barrier layer. When the STO is used as a magnetic field sensor, the excitation current causes the magnetization of the free layer to oscillate at a fixed base frequency in the absence of an external magnetic field. A detector coupled to the sense current detects shifts in the free layer magnetization oscillation frequency from the base frequency in response to external magnetic fields.