摘要:
Raman interference (also known as Raman scattering) during an idle frame transmission state in a passive optical network (PON) having radio frequency video overlay is reduced by generating and transmitting data packets having both random data and random length. Randomly varying both the packet data content and the packet length can achieve significant improvement in Raman interference reduction. The random packet data and length in effect spreads the interference across a spectrum wide enough that there is no interference effect perceptible to a television viewer.
摘要:
A medical device for insertion through a channel of an endoscope comprises a sheath forming a smooth outer surface over a first abrasive portion of a length of the device. A second portion of the length of the device remains uncovered by the sheath.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a packet recovery method for packets communicated between sender and receiver nodes of an overlay network that runs over an underlying IP network. The present invention executes a packet recovery process at a receiver node upon satisfaction of a packet recovery condition that is associated with meeting a deadline driven criteria for a transmitted packet. The packet recovery process associates N number of scheduled times with N requests for retransmission of the transmitted packet. At least one of the N scheduled times includes a receiver waiting time. At each N scheduled time, a request for retransmission of the transmitted packet is transmitted to a source node. A packet retransmission process at the sender node is executed upon the first receipt of a request for retransmission of the transmitted packet. In one embodiment, the packet retransmission process retransmits the transmitted packet to the receiver node at M number of scheduled times, where the N and M are non-zero positive integers and at least one of the N or M number of scheduled times is greater than one. In another embodiment, the packet retransmission process uses an erasure coding function, with integer parameter k greater than 1 and less than M, to generate M encoded blocks such that any k out of M encoded blocks are sufficient to recreate the transmitted packet at the receiver node and transmits the M encoded blocks to the receiver node at M scheduled times, where the N and M are non-zero positive integers and M is greater than 2. The M scheduled times are relative to the first receipt of the request for retransmission of the transmitted packet and at least one of the M scheduled times includes a sender waiting time.
摘要:
Systems and method for providing digital data signals in conjunction with multiple satellite transponders are described. An uplink apparatus is configured to divide and recombine the digital data signal to generate a composite signal. The composite signal is then provided to a satellite and retransmitted by a plurality of satellite transponders to a content receiver. The content receiver is configured to recombine the plurality of transponder signals to regenerate the digital data signal.
摘要:
Raman interference (also known as Raman scattering) during an idle frame transmission state in a passive optical network (PON) having radio frequency video overlay is reduced by generating and transmitting data packets having both random data and random length. Randomly varying both the packet data content and the packet length can achieve significant improvement in Raman interference reduction. The random packet data and length in effect spreads the interference across a spectrum wide enough that there is no interference effect perceptible to a television viewer.
摘要:
A system for maximal gathering of fresh information added to a network such as the as the Internet and for processing the gathered fresh information. A link server (2) sends a batch of links to check (3) to a crawler (1B). Crawler (1B) them executes its crawling assignment by filtering the encountered content and extracting only that which is new or changed (4). Crawler (1B) then returns this content (4) to at least one data center and any interested web mining application (5). By using the crawlers (1A-E) to filter the data and only return or notify regarding, the fresh content, less bandwidth is needed to get the information to the web mining application (5).
摘要:
The disclosure pertains to a space-conserving integrated fluid delivery system which is particularly useful for gas distribution in semiconductor processing equipment. The present invention also pertains to an integrated fluid flow network architecture, which may include, in addition to a layered substrate containing fluid flow channels, various fluid handling and monitoring components. The layered substrate is diffusion bonded, and the various fluid handling and monitoring components may be partially integrated or fully integrated into the substrate, depending on design and material requirements.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for gas control is provided. The apparatus may be used for controlling gases delivered to a chamber, controlling the chamber pressure, controlling the delivery of backside gas between a substrate and substrate support and the like. In one embodiment, an apparatus for controlling gas control includes at least a first flow sensor having a control valve, a first pressure sensor and at least a second pressure sensor. An inlet of the first flow sensor is adapted for coupling to a gas supply. A control valve is coupled to an outlet of the flow sensor. The first pressure sensor is adapted to sense a metric indicative of the pressure upstream of the first flow sensor. The second pressure sensor is adapted to sense a metric indicative of the pressure downstream of the control valve.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for treating a fluid to destroy, remove, or reduce undesirable agents, such as microorganisms, particles or ions, contained in the fluid and/or to inhibit the formation of scale are disclosed. The invention includes an apparatus for treating a fluid to destroy, remove, or reduce undesirable agents, such as microorganisms, particles, or ions, contained in the fluid and/or to inhibit the formation of scale. The apparatus can include an open fluid directional means or conduit. The preferred open fluid directional means is a conduit manufactured of resilient, corrosion-resistant material. The apparatus is attached to a power source and has a controller means. The controller means is desirably a microprocessor and can include a switching means for regulating the current to the apparatus. However, simpler circuits and components can be used for the controller means. The apparatus includes a field generating means. The field generating means forms a treatment field. The treatment field is a magnetic field and/or an electrical field in an effective dose sufficient to treat the fluid. The effective dose is determined by the exposure time(s) and strength(s) of the treatment field(s) and the concentration of contaminants present in the fluid subjected to the treatment.