公开(公告)号：US20050246140A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-03

申请号：US10835092

申请日：2004-04-29

Applicant: Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi DeGeronimo ,  Joseph Grosholz

Inventor： Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi DeGeronimo ,  Joseph Grosholz

IPC: G01J1/42 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01R19/04 ,  H03K5/1532 ,  H03K9/08

CPC classification number: H03K5/1532 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J2001/4238 ,  G01R19/04

Abstract: A method for processing pulses arriving randomly in time on at least one channel using multiple peak detectors includes asynchronously selecting a non-busy peak detector (PD) in response to a pulse-generated trigger signal, connecting the channel to the selected PD in response to the trigger signal, and detecting a pulse peak amplitude. Amplitude and time of arrival data are output in first-in first-out (FIFO) sequence. An apparatus includes trigger comparators to generate the trigger signal for the pulse-receiving channel, PDs, a switch for connecting the channel to the selected PD, and logic circuitry which maintains the write pointer. Also included, time-to-amplitude converters (TACs) convert time of arrival to analog voltage and an analog multiplexer provides FIFO output. A multi-element sensor system for spectroscopy includes detector elements, channels, trigger comparators, PDs, a switch, and a logic circuit with asynchronous write pointer. The system includes TACs, a multiplexer and analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract translation: 一种用于处理使用多个峰值检测器在至少一个信道上随机随机到达的脉冲的方法包括响应于脉冲产生的触发信号来异步地选择非忙峰值检测器（PD），以响应于所选择的PD将信道连接到所选择的PD 触发信号，并检测脉冲峰值振幅。 幅度和到达时间数据以先进先出（FIFO）序列输出。 一种装置包括触发比较器，用于产生用于脉冲接收通道的触发信号，PD，用于将通道连接到所选择的PD的开关，以及维持写指针的逻辑电路。 还包括时间到幅度转换器（TAC）将到达时间转换为模拟电压，模拟多路复用器提供FIFO输出。 用于光谱的多元素传感器系统包括检测器元件，通道，触发比较器，PD，开关和具有异步写指针的逻辑电路。 该系统包括TAC，多路复用器和模数转换器。

公开(公告)号：US06512399B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-28

申请号：US09999237

申请日：2001-12-03

Applicant: Gianluigi DeGeronimo ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Anand Kandasamy

Inventor： Gianluigi DeGeronimo ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Anand Kandasamy

IPC: G11C706

CPC classification number: G11C27/026

Abstract: A peak detect-and-hold circuit eliminates errors introduced by conventional amplifiers, such as common-mode rejection and input voltage offset. The circuit includes an amplifier, three switches, a transistor, and a capacitor. During a detect-and-hold phase, a hold voltage at a non-inverting in put terminal of the amplifier tracks an input voltage signal and when a peak is reached, the transistor is switched off, thereby storing a peak voltage in the capacitor. During a readout phase, the circuit functions as a unity gain buffer, in which the voltage stored in the capacitor is provided as an output voltage. The circuit is able to sense signals rail-to-rail and can readily be modified to sense positive, negative, or peak-to-peak voltages. Derandomization may be achieved by using a plurality of peak detect-and-hold circuits electrically connected in parallel.

Abstract translation: 峰值检测和保持电路消除了常规放大器引入的误差，例如共模抑制和输入电压偏移。 该电路包括放大器，三个开关，晶体管和电容器。 在检测和保持阶段期间，放大器的非反相输入端子处的保持电压跟踪输入电压信号，并且当达到峰值时，晶体管被关断，从而在电容器中存储峰值电压。 在读出阶段期间，电路用作单位增益缓冲器，其中存储在电容器中的电压被提供为输出电压。 该电路能够检测轨到轨信号，并且可以容易地修改以检测正，负或峰 - 峰电压。 可以通过使用并联电连接的多个峰值检测和保持电路来实现差分化。

公开(公告)号：US07187316B1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-06

申请号：US11346831

申请日：2006-02-06

Applicant: Gianluigi DeGeronimo

Inventor： Gianluigi DeGeronimo

IPC: H03M1/12

CPC classification number: H03M1/42 ,  G01R19/04 ,  G01R29/24 ,  G01T1/17

Abstract: An apparatus and method for analog-to-digital conversion and peak detection includes at least one stage, which includes a first switch, second switch, current source or capacitor, and discriminator. The discriminator changes state in response to a current or charge associated with the input signal exceeding a threshold, thereby indicating whether the current or charge associated with the input signal is greater than the threshold. The input signal includes a peak or a charge, and the converter includes a peak or charge detect mode in which a state of the switch is retained in response to a decrease in the current or charge associated with the input signal. The state of the switch represents at least a portion of a value of the peak or of the charge.

Abstract translation: 用于模数转换和峰值检测的装置和方法包括至少一个级，其包括第一开关，第二开关，电流源或电容器以及鉴别器。 鉴别器响应于与输入信号超过阈值相关联的电流或电荷来改变状态，从而指示与输入信号相关联的电流或电荷是否大于阈值。 输入信号包括峰值或电荷，并且转换器包括峰值或电荷检测模式，其中响应于与输入信号相关联的电流或电荷的减小而保持开关的状态。 开关的状态表示峰值或电荷的值的至少一部分。

公开(公告)号：US20050275455A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-15

申请号：US10866441

申请日：2004-06-14

Applicant: Gianluigi DeGeronimo

Inventor： Gianluigi DeGeronimo

IPC: H03F1/34 ,  H03F1/36 ,  H03F3/70

CPC classification number: H03F1/36 ,  H03F1/34 ,  H03F3/70

Abstract: A charge amplifier includes an amplifier, feedback circuit, and cancellation circuit. The feedback circuit includes a capacitor, inverter, and current mirror. The capacitor is coupled across the signal amplifier, the inverter is coupled to the output of the signal amplifier, and the current mirror is coupled to the input of the signal amplifier. The cancellation circuit is coupled to the output of the signal amplifier. A method of charge amplification includes providing a signal amplifier; coupling a first capacitor 10 across the signal amplifier; coupling an inverter to the output of the signal amplifier; coupling a current mirror to the input of the signal amplifier; and coupling a cancellation circuit to the output of the signal amplifier. A front-end system for use with radiation sensors includes a charge amplifier and a current amplifier, shaping amplifier, baseline stabilizer, discriminator, peak detector, timing detector, and logic circuit coupled to the charge amplifier.

Abstract translation: 电荷放大器包括放大器，反馈电路和消除电路。 反馈电路包括电容器，逆变器和电流镜。 电容器耦合在信号放大器两端，反相器耦合到信号放大器的输出端，电流镜耦合到信号放大器的输入端。 消除电路耦合到信号放大器的输出。 电荷放大的方法包括提供信号放大器; 在信号放大器上耦合第一电容器10; 将反相器耦合到信号放大器的输出; 将电流镜耦合到信号放大器的输入端; 并将消除电路耦合到信号放大器的输出端。 用于辐射传感器的前端系统包括电荷放大器，电流放大器，整形放大器，基线稳定器，鉴相器，峰值检测器，定时检测器和耦合到电荷放大器的逻辑电路。

公开(公告)号：US08354650B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-15

申请号：US12282607

申请日：2007-03-22

Applicant: Joseph Grosholz, Jr. ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi Degeronimo

Inventor： Joseph Grosholz, Jr. ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi Degeronimo

IPC: G01T1/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/17 ,  G01T7/005

Abstract: A radiation detection and counting system (2) includes a radiation detector element (5) for outputting a signal related to an energy of a radiation event received thereby and an amplifier (8) for amplifying the signal output by the detector element (5). A gain equalization circuit (10) adjusts the gain of the amplified output signal and a plurality of comparators (12) compare the gain adjusted amplified output signal to a like plurality of different valued threshold signals that are independently adjustable of each other A plurality of counters (20) is operative whereupon only the counter associated with the one comparator (12) that changes state in response to the peak of the gain adjusted amplified output signal exceeding the value of the trigger threshold signal thereof is incremented. A storage (24) stores the incremented value of each counter (20) accumulated over a sample time interval and data output logic circuit (26) transfers the stored accumulated counts out of the storage.

Abstract translation: 辐射检测和计数系统（2）包括用于输出与由其接收的辐射事件的能量相关的信号的放射线检测器元件（5）和用于放大由检测器元件（5）输出的信号的放大器（8）。 增益均衡电路（10）调节放大的输出信号的增益，并且多个比较器（12）将增益调整的放大输出信号与可以彼此独立调节的相似多个不同值阈值信号进行比较多个计数器 （20）可操作，因此只有与响应于超过其触发阈值信号值的增益调整放大输出信号的峰值改变状态的一个比较器（12）相关联的计数器增加。 存储器（24）存储在采样时间间隔上累积的每个计数器（20）的递增值，并且数据输出逻辑电路（26）将存储的累积计数从存储器传送出去。

公开(公告)号：US20090302232A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-10

申请号：US12282607

申请日：2007-03-22

Applicant: Joseph Grosholz, JR. ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi Degeronimo

Inventor： Joseph Grosholz, JR. ,  Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi Degeronimo

IPC: G01T1/00

CPC classification number: G01T1/17 ,  G01T7/005

Abstract: A radiation detection and counting system (2) includes a radiation detector element (5) for outputting a signal related to an energy of a radiation event received thereby and an amplifier (8) for amplifying the signal output by the detector element (5). A gain equalization circuit (10) adjusts the gain of the amplified output signal and a plurality of comparators (12) compare the gain adjusted amplified output signal to a like plurality of different valued threshold signals that are independently adjustable of each other A plurality of counters (20) is operative whereupon only the counter associated with the one comparator (12) that changes state in response to the peak of the gain adjusted amplified output signal exceeding the value of the trigger threshold signal thereof is incremented. A storage (24) stores the incremented value of each counter (20) accumulated over a sample time interval and data output logic circuit (26) transfers the stored accumulated counts out of the storage.

Abstract translation: 辐射检测和计数系统（2）包括用于输出与由其接收的辐射事件的能量相关的信号的放射线检测器元件（5）和用于放大由检测器元件（5）输出的信号的放大器（8）。 增益均衡电路（10）调节放大的输出信号的增益，并且多个比较器（12）将增益调整的放大输出信号与可以彼此独立调节的相似多个不同值阈值信号进行比较多个计数器 （20）可操作，因此只有与响应于超过其触发阈值信号值的增益调整放大输出信号的峰值改变状态的一个比较器（12）相关联的计数器增加。 存储器（24）存储在采样时间间隔上累积的每个计数器（20）的递增值，并且数据输出逻辑电路（26）将存储的累积计数从存储器传送出去。

公开(公告)号：US06998913B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-14

申请号：US10866441

申请日：2004-06-14

Applicant: Gianluigi DeGeronimo

Inventor： Gianluigi DeGeronimo

IPC: H03F1/36 ,  H03F1/38 ,  H03F3/04

CPC classification number: H03F1/36 ,  H03F1/34 ,  H03F3/70

Abstract: A charge amplifier includes an amplifier, feedback circuit, and cancellation circuit. The feedback circuit includes a capacitor, inverter, and current mirror. The capacitor is coupled across the signal amplifier, the inverter is coupled to the output of the signal amplifier, and the current mirror is coupled to the input of the signal amplifier. The cancellation circuit is coupled to the output of the signal amplifier. A method of charge amplification includes providing a signal amplifier; coupling a first capacitor across the signal amplifier; coupling an inverter to the output of the signal amplifier; coupling a current mirror to the input of the signal amplifier; and coupling a cancellation circuit to the output of the signal amplifier. A front-end system for use with radiation sensors includes a charge amplifier and a current amplifier, shaping amplifier, baseline stabilizer, discriminator, peak detector, timing detector, and logic circuit coupled to the charge amplifier.

Abstract translation: 电荷放大器包括放大器，反馈电路和消除电路。 反馈电路包括电容器，逆变器和电流镜。 电容器耦合在信号放大器两端，反相器耦合到信号放大器的输出端，电流镜耦合到信号放大器的输入端。 消除电路耦合到信号放大器的输出。 电荷放大的方法包括提供信号放大器; 在信号放大器上耦合第一电容器; 将反相器耦合到信号放大器的输出; 将电流镜耦合到信号放大器的输入端; 并将消除电路耦合到信号放大器的输出端。 用于辐射传感器的前端系统包括电荷放大器，电流放大器，整形放大器，基线稳定器，鉴相器，峰值检测器，定时检测器和耦合到电荷放大器的逻辑电路。

公开(公告)号：US07378637B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-27

申请号：US10835092

申请日：2004-04-29

Applicant: Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi DeGeronimo ,  Joseph Grosholz

Inventor： Paul O'Connor ,  Gianluigi DeGeronimo ,  Joseph Grosholz

IPC: G01J1/44 ,  H01L31/00

CPC classification number: H03K5/1532 ,  G01J1/44 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J2001/4238 ,  G01R19/04

Abstract: A method for processing pulses arriving randomly in time on at least one channel using multiple peak detectors includes asynchronously selecting a non-busy peak detector (PD) in response to a pulse-generated trigger signal, connecting the channel to the selected PD in response to the trigger signal, and detecting a pulse peak amplitude. Amplitude and time of arrival data are output in first-in first-out (FIFO) sequence. An apparatus includes trigger comparators to generate the trigger signal for the pulse-receiving channel, PDs, a switch for connecting the channel to the selected PD, and logic circuitry which maintains the write pointer. Also included, time-to-amplitude converters (TACs) convert time of arrival to analog voltage and an analog multiplexer provides FIFO output. A multi-element sensor system for spectroscopy includes detector elements, channels, trigger comparators, PDs, a switch, and a logic circuit with asynchronous write pointer. The system includes TACs, a multiplexer and analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract translation: 一种用于处理使用多个峰值检测器在至少一个信道上随机随机到达的脉冲的方法包括响应于脉冲产生的触发信号异步地选择非忙峰值检测器（PD），以响应于所选择的PD将信道连接到所选择的PD 触发信号，并检测脉冲峰值振幅。 幅度和到达时间数据以先进先出（FIFO）序列输出。 一种装置包括触发比较器，用于产生用于脉冲接收通道的触发信号，PD，用于将通道连接到所选择的PD的开关，以及维持写指针的逻辑电路。 还包括时间到幅度转换器（TAC）将到达时间转换为模拟电压，模拟多路复用器提供FIFO输出。 用于光谱的多元素传感器系统包括检测器元件，通道，触发比较器，PD，开关和具有异步写入指针的逻辑电路。 该系统包括TAC，多路复用器和模数转换器。

公开(公告)号：US07271395B2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-18

申请号：US11174241

申请日：2005-07-05

Applicant: Gianluigi DeGeronimo

Inventor： Gianluigi DeGeronimo

IPC: G01T1/24

CPC classification number: G01T1/17 ,  G01T1/247

Abstract: A device and method for measuring a depth of interaction of an ionizing event and improving resolution of a co-planar grid sensor (CPG) are provided. A time-of-occurrence is measured using a comparator to time the leading edge of the event pulse from the non-collecting or collecting grid. A difference signal between the grid signals obtained with a differential amplifier includes a pulse with a leading edge occurring at the time-of-detection, measured with another comparator. A timing difference between comparator outputs corresponds to the depth of interaction, calculated using a processor, which in turn weights the difference grid signal to improve spectral resolution of a CPG sensor. The device, which includes channels for grid inputs, may be integrated into an Application Specific Integrated Circuit. The combination of the device and sensor is included. An improved high-resolution CPG is provided, e.g., a gamma-ray Cadmium Zinc Telluride CPG sensor operating at room temperature.

公开(公告)号：US20070007463A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-11

申请号：US11174241

申请日：2005-07-05

Applicant: Gianluigi DeGeronimo

Inventor： Gianluigi DeGeronimo

IPC: G01T1/24

CPC classification number: G01T1/17 ,  G01T1/247

Abstract: A device and method for measuring a depth of interaction of an ionizing event and improving resolution of a co-planar grid sensor (CPG) are provided. A time-of-occurrence is measured using a comparator to time the leading edge of the event pulse from the non-collecting or collecting grid. A difference signal between the grid signals obtained with a differential amplifier includes a pulse with a leading edge occurring at the time-of-detection, measured with another comparator. A timing difference between comparator outputs corresponds to the depth of interaction, calculated using a processor, which in turn weights the difference grid signal to improve spectral resolution of a CPG sensor. The device, which includes channels for grid inputs, may be integrated into an Application Specific Integrated Circuit. The combination of the device and sensor is included. An improved high-resolution CPG is provided, e.g., a gamma-ray Cadmium Zinc Telluride CPG sensor operating at room temperature.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于测量电离事件的相互作用深度并提高共面网格传感器（CPG）的分辨率的装置和方法。 使用比较器测量发生时间，以从非收集或收集网格对事件脉冲的前沿进行计时。 用差分放大器获得的电网信号之间的差分信号包括在另一比较器测量的在检测时间发生的前沿的脉冲。 比较器输出之间的时间差对应于使用处理器计算的交互深度，其进而对差分电网信号进行加权以提高CPG传感器的光谱分辨率。 该装置包括用于电网输入的通道，可以集成到专用集成电路中。 包括设备和传感器的组合。 提供改进的高分辨率CPG，例如在室温下操作的γ射线碲化锌碲化镉CPG传感器。