公开(公告)号：US08283619B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-09

申请号：US13179329

申请日：2011-07-08

申请人： Steven D. Novack ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Patrick J. Pinhero

发明人： Steven D. Novack ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Patrick J. Pinhero

IPC分类号： G02B5/28

CPC分类号： H01Q1/248 ,  H01Q21/061 ,  H02S99/00

摘要： Methods, devices and systems for harvesting energy from electromagnetic radiation are provided including harvesting energy from electromagnetic radiation. In one embodiment, a device includes a substrate and one or more resonance elements disposed in or on the substrate. The resonance elements are configured to have a resonant frequency, for example, in at least one of the infrared, near-infrared and visible light spectra. A layer of conductive material may be disposed over a portion of the substrate to form a ground plane. An optical resonance gap or stand-off layer may be formed between the resonance elements and the ground plane. The optical resonance gap extends a distance between the resonance elements and the layer of conductive material approximately one-quarter wavelength of a wavelength of the at least one resonance element's resonant frequency. At least one energy transfer element may be associated with the at least one resonance element.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于从电磁辐射收集能量的方法，装置和系统，包括从电磁辐射获得能量。 在一个实施例中，器件包括衬底和设置在衬底中或衬底上的一个或多个谐振元件。 谐振元件被配置为具有例如在红外线，近红外线和可见光光谱中的至少一个中的共振频率。 导电材料层可以设置在衬底的一部分上以形成接地平面。 可以在谐振元件和接地平面之间形成光学共振间隙或间隔层。 光学谐振间隙使谐振元件和导电材料层之间的距离延伸到至少一个谐振元件的谐振频率的波长的大约四分之一波长。 至少一个能量转移元件可以与至少一个共振元件相关联。

公开(公告)号：US20100284086A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-11

申请号：US11939342

申请日：2007-11-13

申请人： Steven D. Novack ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Patrick J. Pinhero

发明人： Steven D. Novack ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Patrick J. Pinhero

IPC分类号： G02B5/28

CPC分类号： H01Q1/248 ,  H01Q21/061 ,  H02S99/00

摘要： Methods, devices and systems for harvesting energy from electromagnetic radiation are provided including harvesting energy from electromagnetic radiation. In one embodiment, a device includes a substrate and one or more resonance elements disposed in or on the substrate. The resonance elements are configured to have a resonant frequency, for example, in at least one of the infrared, near-infrared and visible light spectra. A layer of conductive material may be disposed over a portion of the substrate to form a ground plane. An optical resonance gap or stand-off layer may be formed between the resonance elements and the ground plane. The optical resonance gap extends a distance between the resonance elements and the layer of conductive material approximately one-quarter wavelength of a wavelength of the at least one resonance element's resonant frequency. At least one energy transfer element may associated with the at least one resonance element.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于从电磁辐射收集能量的方法，装置和系统，包括从电磁辐射获得能量。 在一个实施例中，器件包括衬底和设置在衬底中或衬底上的一个或多个谐振元件。 谐振元件被配置为具有例如在红外线，近红外线和可见光光谱中的至少一个中的共振频率。 导电材料层可以设置在衬底的一部分上以形成接地平面。 可以在谐振元件和接地平面之间形成光学共振间隙或间隔层。 光学谐振间隙使谐振元件和导电材料层之间的距离延伸到至少一个谐振元件的谐振频率的波长的大约四分之一波长。 至少一个能量传递元件可以与至少一个共振元件相关联。

公开(公告)号：US4996531A

公开(公告)日：1991-02-26

申请号：US221394

申请日：1988-07-19

申请人： Dale K. Kotter ,  Richard A. Rankin

发明人： Dale K. Kotter ,  Richard A. Rankin

IPC分类号： G06F3/05

CPC分类号： G06F3/05

摘要： A digital optical conversion module used to convert an analog signal to a computer compatible digital signal including a voltage-to-frequency converter, frequency offset response circuitry, and an electrical-to-optical converter. Also used in conjunction with the digital optical conversion module is an optical link and an interface at the computer for converting the optical signal back to an electrical signal. Suitable for use in hostile environments having high levels of electromagnetic interference, the conversion module retains high resolution of the analog signal while eliminating the potential for errors due to noise and interference. The module can be used to link analog output scientific equipment such as an electrometer used with a mass spectrometer to a computer.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将模拟信号转换成包括电压 - 频率转换器，频率偏移响应电路和电 - 光转换器的计算机兼容数字信号的数字光转换模块。 还与数字光转换模块一起使用的是光链路和计算机上用于将光信号转换回电信号的接口。 转换模块适用于具有高水平电磁干扰的敌对环境，保持模拟信号的高分辨率，同时消除由于噪声和干扰引起的误差。 该模块可用于将模拟输出科学设备（例如与质谱仪一起使用的静电计）连接到计算机。

公开(公告)号：US09472699B2

公开(公告)日：2016-10-18

申请号：US13601592

申请日：2012-08-31

申请人： Dale K. Kotter

发明人： Dale K. Kotter

IPC分类号： H01L31/042 ,  H01L31/0232 ,  H01Q1/38 ,  H01Q21/06 ,  G02B5/28 ,  H01L35/00

CPC分类号： H01L31/042 ,  G02B5/281 ,  H01L31/02322 ,  H01L35/00 ,  H01Q1/38 ,  H01Q21/061 ,  H01Q21/062

摘要： Energy harvesting devices include a substrate and a plurality of resonance elements coupled to the substrate. Each resonance element is configured to collect energy in the visible and infrared light spectra and to reradiate energy having a wavelength in the range of about 0.8 μm to about 0.9 μm. The resonance elements are arranged in groups of two or more resonance elements. Systems for harvesting electromagnetic radiation include a substrate, a plurality of resonance elements including a conductive material carried by the substrate, and a photovoltaic material coupled to the substrate and to at least one resonance element. The resonance elements are arranged in groups, such as in a dipole, a tripole, or a bowtie configuration. Methods for forming an energy harvesting device include forming groups of two or more discrete resonance elements in a substrate and coupling a photovoltaic material to the groups of discrete resonance elements.

摘要翻译： 能量收集装置包括基底和耦合到基底的多个共振元件。 每个谐振元件被配置为在可见光和红外光谱中收集能量，并重新辐射波长在约0.8μm至约0.9μm范围内的能量。 谐振元件以两个或更多个谐振元件的组排列。 用于收集电磁辐射的系统包括基板，包括由基板承载的导电材料的多个谐振元件和耦合到该基板和至少一个谐振元件的光伏材料。 共振元件以组合的方式排列，例如偶极子，三极杆或弓形构型。 用于形成能量收集装置的方法包括在衬底中形成两个或更多个离散谐振元件的组，并将光伏材料耦合到离散谐振元件组。

公开(公告)号：US07796028B1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-14

申请号：US11461515

申请日：2006-08-01

申请人： Dale K. Kotter ,  David F. Spencer ,  Lyle G. Roybal ,  David T. Rohrbaugh

发明人： Dale K. Kotter ,  David F. Spencer ,  Lyle G. Roybal ,  David T. Rohrbaugh

IPC分类号： G08B1/08

CPC分类号： G01R33/093 ,  B82Y25/00

摘要： Circuitry for detecting magnetic fields includes a first magnetoresistive sensor and a second magnetoresistive sensor configured to form a gradiometer. The circuitry includes a digital signal processor and a first feedback loop coupled between the first magnetoresistive sensor and the digital signal processor. A second feedback loop which is discrete from the first feedback loop is coupled between the second magnetoresistive sensor and the digital signal processor.

摘要翻译： 用于检测磁场的电路包括构造成形成梯度计的第一磁阻传感器和第二磁阻传感器。 电路包括数字信号处理器和耦合在第一磁阻传感器和数字信号处理器之间的第一反馈环路。 从第一反馈回路离散的第二反馈回路耦合在第二磁阻传感器和数字信号处理器之间。

公开(公告)号：US07013245B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-14

申请号：US10778790

申请日：2004-02-13

申请人： Dale K. Kotter ,  Frederick D. Fluck

发明人： Dale K. Kotter ,  Frederick D. Fluck

IPC分类号： G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G06K9/00771 ,  G06K2209/09

摘要： Apparatus for classifying a ferromagnetic object within a sensing area may include a magnetic field sensor that produces magnetic field data. A signal processing system operatively associated with the magnetic field sensor includes a neural network. The neural network compares the magnetic field data with magnetic field data produced by known ferromagnetic objects to make a probabilistic determination as to the classification of the ferromagnetic object within the sensing area. A user interface operatively associated with the signal processing system produces a user-discernable output indicative of the probabilistic determination of the classification of the ferromagnetic object within a sensing area.

摘要翻译： 用于对感测区域内的铁磁物体进行分类的装置可以包括产生磁场数据的磁场传感器。 与磁场传感器可操作地相关联的信号处理系统包括神经网络。 神经网络将磁场数据与由已知铁磁物体产生的磁场数据进行比较，以便对感测区域内的铁磁物体的分类进行概率确定。 可操作地与信号处理系统相关联的用户界面产生用户可识别的输出，其指示感测区域内的铁磁物体的分类的概率确定。

公开(公告)号：US5501080A

公开(公告)日：1996-03-26

申请号：US355689

申请日：1994-12-14

申请人： Gary J. McManus ,  Billy G. Motes ,  Susan K. Bird ,  Dale K. Kotter

发明人： Gary J. McManus ,  Billy G. Motes ,  Susan K. Bird ,  Dale K. Kotter

IPC分类号： B01D8/00 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/42

CPC分类号： G01N1/42 ,  B01D8/00 ,  G01N2001/2282

摘要： Apparatus for obtaining a whole gas sample, composed of: a sample vessel having an inlet for receiving a gas sample; a controllable valve mounted for controllably opening and closing the inlet; a valve control coupled to the valve for opening and closing the valve at selected times; a portable power source connected for supplying operating power to the valve control; and a cryogenic coolant in thermal communication with the vessel for cooling the interior of the vessel to cryogenic temperatures.A method of obtaining an air sample using the apparatus described above, by: placing the apparatus at a location at which the sample is to be obtained; operating the valve control to open the valve at a selected time and close the valve at a selected subsequent time; and between the selected times maintaining the vessel at a cryogenic temperature by heat exchange with the coolant.

摘要翻译： 用于获得整个气体样品的装置，包括：具有用于接收气体样品的入口的样品容器; 安装成可控制地开启和关闭入口的可控阀; 阀门控制器，其联接到阀门，用于在选定的时间打开和关闭阀门; 连接用于向阀控制提供工作电力的便携式电源; 以及与容器热连通的低温冷却剂，用于将容器的内部冷却至低温。 一种使用上述装置获得空气样品的方法，其特征在于：将所述装置放置在要获得样品的位置处; 操作阀控制器以在选定的时间打开阀门，并在随后的选定时间关闭阀门; 以及通过与冷却剂的热交换将容器保持在低温温度之间。

公开(公告)号：US10374524B2

公开(公告)日：2019-08-06

申请号：US14745299

申请日：2015-06-19

申请人： Patrick K Brady ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Wounjhang Park

发明人： Patrick K Brady ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Wounjhang Park

IPC分类号： H01L31/00 ,  H02N11/00 ,  G02B1/00 ,  H01Q1/24 ,  H01L31/0264 ,  H01L31/04

摘要： Spectral tuning of heat source to emit radiation at a desired frequency or frequency band is accomplished using metamaterials. The metamaterials include a structured geometry having holes with dimensions and spacing chosen such that the resulting surface will emit radiation in the desired spectrum. A collector can be made of a similar metamaterial or antenna array to detect the emitted radiation and transfer it to a converter device that converts the detected radiation to electricity. Embodiments also provide efficient coupling to the converter device for energy harvesting. Cooling of the converter devices can be accomplished using a cooling sink or deep space.

公开(公告)号：US20150372621A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14745299

申请日：2015-06-19

申请人： Patrick K. Brady ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Wounjhang Park

发明人： Patrick K. Brady ,  Dale K. Kotter ,  Wounjhang Park

IPC分类号： H02N11/00

CPC分类号： H02N11/002 ,  G02B1/002 ,  H01L31/00 ,  H01L31/0264 ,  H01L31/04 ,  H01Q1/248 ,  Y02E10/52

摘要： Spectral tuning of heat source to emit radiation at a desired frequency or frequency band is accomplished using metamaterials. The metamaterials include a structured geometry having holes with dimensions and spacing chosen such that the resulting surface will emit radiation in the desired spectrum. A collector can be made of a similar metamaterial or antenna array to detect the emitted radiation and transfer it to a converter device that converts the detected radiation to electricity. Embodiments also provide efficient coupling to the converter device for energy harvesting. Cooling of the converter devices can be accomplished using a cooling sink or deep space.

摘要翻译： 使用超材料实现热源在期望的频率或频带发射辐射的光谱调谐。 超材料包括具有选择具有尺寸和间距的孔的结构几何，使得所得到的表面将发射所需光谱的辐射。 收集器可以由类似的超材料或天线阵列制成，以检测发射的辐射并将其转移到将检测到的辐射转换成电的转换器装置。 实施例还提供与用于能量收集的转换器装置的有效耦合。 转换器装置的冷却可以使用冷却槽或深空进行。

公开(公告)号：US20130249771A1

公开(公告)日：2013-09-26

申请号：US13426407

申请日：2012-03-21

申请人： Dale K. Kotter ,  Steven D. Novack

发明人： Dale K. Kotter ,  Steven D. Novack

IPC分类号： H01Q21/08 ,  H01P11/00

CPC分类号： H01Q1/248

摘要： An energy conversion device may include a first antenna and a second antenna configured to generate an AC current responsive to incident radiation, at least one stripline, and a rectifier coupled with the at least one stripline along a length of the at least one stripline. An energy conversion device may also include an array of nanoantennas configured to generate an AC current in response to receiving incident radiation. Each nanoantenna of the array includes a pair of resonant elements, and a shared rectifier operably coupled to the pair of resonant elements, the shared rectifier configured to convert the AC current to a DC current. The energy conversion device may further include a bus structure operably coupled with the array of nanoantennas and configured to receive the DC current from the array of nanoantennas and transmit the DC current away from the array of nanoantennas.

摘要翻译： 能量转换装置可以包括第一天线和第二天线，其被配置为产生响应于入射辐射的AC电流，至少一个带状线以及与所述至少一个带状线沿所述至少一个带状线的长度耦合的整流器。 能量转换装置还可以包括被配置为响应于接收入射辐射而产生AC电流的纳米天线阵列。 该阵列的每个纳米天线包括一对谐振元件和可操作地耦合到该对谐振元件的共享整流器，共享整流器被配置为将AC电流转换成DC电流。 能量转换装置还可以包括可操作地与纳米天线阵列耦合的总线结构，并且被配置为从纳米天线阵列接收直流电流，并将该直流电流从纳米天线阵列传输出去。