Optical switches using cholesteric or chiral nematic liquid crystals and
method of using same
    1.
    发明授权
    Optical switches using cholesteric or chiral nematic liquid crystals and method of using same 失效
    使用胆甾型或手性向列型液晶的光开关及其使用方法

    公开(公告)号:US4991924A

    公开(公告)日:1991-02-12

    申请号:US354304

    申请日:1989-05-19

    IPC分类号: G02B5/30 G02F1/1333 G02F1/31

    摘要: Fiber optic switches using layers of cholesteric or chiral nematic liquid crystals (CLCs) are disclosed. The CLC layer acts both as a polarization beamsplitter and as a reflector by decomposing incoming unpolarized light into two orthogonal circularly polarized components. In a number of embodiments, switchable waveplates are employed to controllably switch the polarization direction of each of the polarization components. The components are then reflected back toward the CLC layer where they are recombined into a transmitted unpolarized beam. The direction of transmission depends on the circular sense of the polarized components, and therefore on the state of the switchable waveplates. In other embodiments, the CLCs are used actively by selectively exposing them to electric or magnetic fields or to heat which cause a phase change that temporarily neutralizes the circular polarization effect. In this manner, the CLCs can be used as switch elements themselves.

    摘要翻译: 公开了使用胆甾型或手性向列型液晶层(CLC)的光纤开关。 CLC层通过将进入的非偏振光分解成两个正交的圆偏振分量来同时作为偏振分束器和反射器。 在多个实施例中,采用可切换波片来可控制地切换每个偏振分量的偏振方向。 然后将这些分量反射回CLC层,在那里它们被重新组合成传输的非偏振光束。 传输方向取决于极化分量的圆形感,因此取决于可切换波片的状态。 在其他实施例中,通过选择性地将它们暴露于电场或磁场或导致临时中和圆偏振效应的相变的热而使用CLC。 以这种方式,CLC可以用作开关元件本身。

    NaCl:OH color center laser
    2.
    发明授权
    NaCl:OH color center laser 失效
    NaCl:OH色中心激光

    公开(公告)号:US4990322A

    公开(公告)日:1991-02-05

    申请号:US555365

    申请日:1990-07-19

    IPC分类号: H01S3/16

    CPC分类号: H01S3/1681

    摘要: A powerful and stable color center laser is provided by additively colored NaCl:OH.sup.- crystals. The OH.sup.- impurity is the key dopant for creating color center lasing in NaCl, providing an output tunable over the 1.41 to 1.81 .mu.m region. In addition, modelocked pulses of 5 psec duration are available in a synchronously pumped arrangement, tunable from 1.47 to 1.73 .mu.m.

    摘要翻译: 强大而稳定的彩色中心激光由附加色泽的NaCl:OH-晶体提供。 OH-杂质是在NaCl中产生色心激光的关键掺杂剂,在1.41至1.81μm的区域提供了可调谐的输出。 另外,5 psec持续时间的锁相脉冲可以在同步抽送的布置中使用,可调范围为1.47到1.73微米。

    Lasers in alkali halides using N and R color-centers
    3.
    发明授权
    Lasers in alkali halides using N and R color-centers 失效
    使用N和R颜色中心的卤化碱激光器

    公开(公告)号:US4964133A

    公开(公告)日:1990-10-16

    申请号:US338069

    申请日:1989-04-14

    IPC分类号: H01S3/16

    CPC分类号: H01S3/1681

    摘要: The laser material of the invention comprises an alkali-halide crystal, with a rocksalt crystallographic structure, containing point defects selected from the group consisting of F.sub.3 or R, F.sub.4 and N.sub.2 color centers. The preferred laser material is based on the neutral "N.sub.2 " color center defect. The alkali halide can be any alkali halide, for example, lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium chloride, bromide and fluoride. The preferred alkali halide is potassium chloride. The lasers of the invention comprise a stable near-infrared laser which can be tuned in the case of KCl for example from 1.23 to 1.35 .mu.m, and can be optically pumped at 1.06 .mu.m, for example from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The laser of the invention represent the first reported laser based on N.sub.2 -center transitions, and appear to be the first stable laser using a charge-neutral color center in pure alkali halide hosts.

    摘要翻译: 本发明的激光材料包括具有岩盐晶体结构的碱卤化物晶体,其含有选自F3或R,F4和N2颜色中心的点缺陷。 优选的激光材料基于中性“N2”色中心缺陷。 碱金属卤化物可以是任何碱金属卤化物,例如锂,钠,钾和氯化铷,溴化物和氟化物。 优选的碱金属卤化物是氯化钾。 本发明的激光器包括稳定的近红外激光器,其可在KCl的情况下调节,例如从1.23至1.35μm,并且可以以1.06μm的光学泵浦,例如来自Q开关Nd:YAG 激光。 本发明的激光器表示基于N2中心跃迁的第一个报道的激光器,并且看起来是在纯碱卤化物主体中使用电荷中性色心的第一稳定激光器。

    NaCl: on color center laser
    4.
    发明授权
    NaCl: on color center laser 失效
    NaCl:在彩色中心激光

    公开(公告)号:US4839009A

    公开(公告)日:1989-06-13

    申请号:US870810

    申请日:1986-06-05

    IPC分类号: H01S3/16

    CPC分类号: H01S3/1681

    摘要: A powerful and stable color center laser is provided by additively colored NaCl:OH.sup.- crystals. The OH.sup.- impurity is the key dopant for creating color center lasing in NaCl, providing an output tunable over the 1.41 to 1.81 .mu.m region. In addition, modelocked pulses of 5 psec duration are available in a synchronously pumped arrangement, tunable from 1.47 to 1.73 .mu.m.

    摘要翻译: 强大而稳定的彩色中心激光由附加色泽的NaCl:OH-晶体提供。 OH-杂质是在NaCl中产生色心激光的关键掺杂剂,在1.41至1.81μm的区域提供了可调谐的输出。 另外,5 psec持续时间的锁相脉冲可以在同步抽送的布置中使用,可调范围为1.47到1.73微米。

    Fiber optic transducer using faraday effect
    5.
    发明授权
    Fiber optic transducer using faraday effect 失效
    光纤传感器采用法拉第效应

    公开(公告)号:US4947035A

    公开(公告)日:1990-08-07

    申请号:US229317

    申请日:1988-08-08

    IPC分类号: G01D5/34 G02F1/09

    CPC分类号: G02F1/09 G01D5/344

    摘要: The present invention relates, in general, to optical transducers, and more particularly to optical transducers utilizing the Faraday effect and responsive to changes in a magnetic field produced by a target. These changes in magnetic field produce a modulation in the light passing through a ferrite crystal, and this modulation can be used to measure mechanical motion, proximity, and related parameters.

    摘要翻译: 本发明一般涉及光学换能器,更具体地涉及利用法拉第效应并响应由靶产生的磁场变化的光学换能器。 磁场中的这些变化在通过铁氧体晶体的光中产生调制,并且该调制可用于测量机械运动,接近度和相关参数。