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公开(公告)号：US06361580B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-26
申请号：US09622753
申请日：2000-08-21
Applicant: Sven Plahte , Bjorn Lillebuen , Alexander F. Diaz , Jack B. Howard , Anthony J. Modestino , William A. Peters
Inventor： Sven Plahte , Bjorn Lillebuen , Alexander F. Diaz , Jack B. Howard , Anthony J. Modestino , William A. Peters
IPC: C22B2102
Abstract: A continuous process for the production of elemental aluminum is described. Aluminum is made from aluminum oxide and a reducing gas such as a light hydrocarbon gas or other reducing gas, for example hydrogen. In the process, a feed stream of the aluminum oxide and the reducing gas is continuously fed into a reaction zone. There the aluminum oxide and reducing gas are reacted at a temperature of about 1500° C. or greater in the reaction zone to provide a continuous product stream of reaction products, which include elemental aluminum. The product stream is continuously quenching after leaving the reaction zone, and the elemental aluminum is separated from the other reaction products.
Abstract translation: 描述了生产元素铝的连续方法。 铝由氧化铝和还原性气体例如轻烃气体或其它还原气体例如氢气制成。 在此过程中，将氧化铝和还原气体的进料流连续送入反应区。 在反应区中，氧化铝和还原气体在约1500℃或更高的温度下反应，以提供包括元素铝在内的反应产物的连续产物流。 离开反应区后，产物流继续猝灭，元素铝与其他反应产物分离。
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公开(公告)号：US07494637B2
公开(公告)日：2009-02-24
申请号：US09858861
申请日：2001-05-16
Applicant: William A. Peters , Jack B. Howard , Anthony J. Modestino , Fredreric Vogel , Carsten R. Steffin
Inventor： William A. Peters , Jack B. Howard , Anthony J. Modestino , Fredreric Vogel , Carsten R. Steffin
IPC: C01B31/30
CPC classification number: C10G1/00 , C22B7/001 , D21C11/0007 , Y02P10/214 , Y02P40/44
Abstract: A continuous process for the conversion of biomass to form a chemical feedstock is described. The biomass and an exogenous metal oxide, preferably calcium oxide, or metal oxide precursor are continuously fed into a reaction chamber that is operated at a temperature of at least 1400° C. to form reaction products including metal carbide. The metal oxide or metal oxide precursor is capable of forming a hydrolizable metal carbide. The reaction products are quenched to a temperature of 800° C. or less. The resulting metal carbide is separated from the reaction products or, alternatively, when quenched with water, hydolyzed to provide a recoverable hydrocarbon gas feedstock.
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公开(公告)号：US07396520B2
公开(公告)日：2008-07-08
申请号：US10489846
申请日：2002-08-31
Applicant: Jack B. Howard , David F. Kronholm , Anthony J. Modestino , Henning Richter
Inventor： Jack B. Howard , David F. Kronholm , Anthony J. Modestino , Henning Richter
IPC: B01J19/08
CPC classification number: F23C6/02 , B01J2219/00157 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/152 , F23C99/00 , Y10S977/734 , Y10S977/842
Abstract: A mod of combustion and a multi-component reactor to accomplish this mode of combustion are disclosed which produces fullerenes and fullerenic material by combustion. This mode consists of de-coupling an oxidation region of a flame from a post-flame region, thus giving greater control over operating parameters, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure; allows conditions of the operating parameters of the combustion reaction to be attained which would not be easily attained by conventional methods; and offers the ability to more easily stabilize the combustion reactions to allow for higher throughputs of fuel and oxidant. Several embodiments of a primary zone of a multicomponent reactor are also disclosed. Said primary zone serves as the oxidation region, operates on the principle of providing recycle to the reacting combustion mixture, and which may be operated as approximately a well-mixed reactor. A secondary zone is also disclosed which provides further residence time for reaction and the ability to control operating parameters, operates on the principle of minimizing recycle of the reacting combustion mixture. The secondary zone may be operated as approximately a plug-flow reactor. The primary and secondary zones may be operated in conjunction or either one alone.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于实现这种燃烧模式的燃烧模块和多组分反应器，其通过燃烧产生富勒烯和富勒烯材料。 该模式包括将来自火焰后区域的火焰的氧化区域去耦合，从而对操作参数（例如当量比，温度和压力）进行更大的控制; 允许通过常规方法不容易地获得燃烧反应的操作参数的条件; 并提供更容易稳定燃烧反应的能力，以允许更高的燃料和氧化剂产量。 还公开了多组分反应器的主要区域的几个实施方案。 所述主区域用作氧化区域，其操作原理是向反应燃烧混合物提供循环，并且可以作为大致良好混合的反应器操作。 还公开了次级区域，其提供进一步的反应停留时间和控制操作参数的能力，其操作原理是使反应燃烧混合物的循环最小化。 次级区可以作为大约一个活塞流反应器操作。 主区域和次区域可以一起操作或者单独操作。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US5782952A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-21
申请号：US706076
申请日：1996-08-30
Applicant: Alexander F. Diaz , Jack B. Howard , Anthony J. Modestino , William A. Peters
Inventor： Alexander F. Diaz , Jack B. Howard , Anthony J. Modestino , William A. Peters
IPC: C22B26/22
CPC classification number: C22B26/22
Abstract: A continuous process for the production of elemental magnesium is described. Magnesium is made from magnesium oxide and a light hydrocarbon gas. In the process, a feed stream of the magnesium oxide and gas is continuously fed into a reaction zone. There the magnesium oxide and gas are reacted at a temperature of about 1400.degree. C. or greater in the reaction zone to provide a continuous product stream of reaction products, which include elemental magnesium. The product stream is continuously quenched after leaving the reaction zone, and the elemental magnesium is separated from other reaction products.
Abstract translation: 描述了生产元素镁的连续方法。 镁由氧化镁和轻烃气体制成。 在此过程中，将氧化镁和气体的进料流连续送入反应区。 在反应区中，氧化镁和气体在约1400℃或更高的温度下反应，以提供包括元素镁在内的反应产物的连续产物流。 离开反应区后，产物流连续淬灭，元素镁与其他反应产物分离。
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公开(公告)号：US07833493B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-16
申请号：US12127536
申请日：2008-05-27
Applicant: Jack B. Howard , David F. Kronholm , Anthony J. Modestino , Henning Richter
Inventor： Jack B. Howard , David F. Kronholm , Anthony J. Modestino , Henning Richter
CPC classification number: F23C6/02 , B01J2219/00157 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/152 , F23C99/00 , Y10S977/734 , Y10S977/842
Abstract: A mode of combustion and multi-component reactor to accomplish this mode of combustion are disclosed which produces fullerenes and fullerenic material by combustion. This mode consists of de-coupling an oxidation region of a flame from a post-flame region, thus giving greater control over operating parameters, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure; allows conditions of the operating parameters of the combustion reaction to be attained which would not be easily attained by conventional methods; and offers the ability to more easily stabilize the combustion reactions to allow for higher throughputs of fuel and oxidant. Several embodiments of a primary zone of a multi-component reactor are also disclosed. Said primary zone serves as the oxidation region, operates on the principle of providing recycle to the reacting combustion mixture, and which may be operated as approximately a well-mixed reactor. A secondary zone is also disclosed which provides further residence time for reaction and the ability to control operating parameters, operates on the principle of minimizing recycle of the reacting combustion mixture. The secondary zone may be operated as approximately a plug-flow reactor. The primary and secondary zones may be operated in conjunction or either one alone.
Abstract translation: 公开了实现这种燃烧模式的燃烧和多组分反应器的模式，其通过燃烧产生富勒烯和富勒烯物质。 该模式包括将来自火焰后区域的火焰的氧化区域去耦合，从而对操作参数（例如当量比，温度和压力）进行更大的控制; 允许通过常规方法不容易地获得燃烧反应的操作参数的条件; 并提供更容易稳定燃烧反应的能力，以允许更高的燃料和氧化剂产量。 还公开了多组分反应器的主要区域的几个实施方案。 所述主区域用作氧化区域，其操作原理是向反应燃烧混合物提供循环，并且可以作为大致良好混合的反应器操作。 还公开了次级区域，其提供进一步的反应停留时间和控制操作参数的能力，其操作原理是使反应燃烧混合物的循环最小化。 次级区可以作为大约一个活塞流反应器操作。 主区域和次区域可以一起操作或者单独操作。
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公开(公告)号：US07771692B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-10
申请号：US12184801
申请日：2008-08-01
Applicant: Jack B. Howard , David F. Kronholm , Anthony J. Modestino , Henning Richter
Inventor： Jack B. Howard , David F. Kronholm , Anthony J. Modestino , Henning Richter
IPC: B01J19/08
CPC classification number: F23C6/02 , B01J2219/00157 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/152 , F23C99/00 , Y10S977/734 , Y10S977/842
Abstract: A mode of combustion and multi-component reactor to accomplish this mode of combustion are disclosed which produces fullerenes and fullerenic material by combustion. This mode consists of de-coupling an oxidation region of a flame from a post-flame region, thus giving greater control over operating parameters, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure; allows conditions of the operating parameters of the combustion reaction to be attained which would not be easily attained by conventional methods; and offers the ability to more easily stabilize the combustion reactions to allow for higher throughputs of fuel and oxidant. Several embodiments of a primary zone of a multi-component reactor are also disclosed. Said primary zone serves as the oxidation region, operates on the principle of providing recycle to the reacting combustion mixture, and which may be operated as approximately a well-mixed reactor. A secondary zone is also disclosed which provides further residence time for reaction and the ability to control operating parameters, operates on the principle of minimizing recycle of the reacting combustion mixture. The secondary zone may be operated as approximately a plug-flow reactor. The primary and secondary zones may be operated in conjunction or either one alone.
Abstract translation: 公开了实现这种燃烧模式的燃烧和多组分反应器的模式，其通过燃烧产生富勒烯和富勒烯物质。 该模式包括将来自火焰后区域的火焰的氧化区域去耦合，从而对操作参数（例如当量比，温度和压力）进行更大的控制; 允许通过常规方法不容易地获得燃烧反应的操作参数的条件; 并提供更容易稳定燃烧反应的能力，以允许更高的燃料和氧化剂产量。 还公开了多组分反应器的主要区域的几个实施方案。 所述主区域用作氧化区域，其操作原理是向反应燃烧混合物提供循环，并且可以作为大致良好混合的反应器操作。 还公开了次级区域，其提供进一步的反应停留时间和控制操作参数的能力，其操作原理是使反应燃烧混合物的循环最小化。 次级区可以作为大约一个活塞流反应器操作。 主区域和次区域可以一起操作或者单独操作。
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公开(公告)号：US20080286190A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-20
申请号：US12184801
申请日：2008-08-01
Applicant: Jack B. HOWARD , David F. KRONHOLM , Anthony J. MODESTINO , Henning RICHTER
Inventor： Jack B. HOWARD , David F. KRONHOLM , Anthony J. MODESTINO , Henning RICHTER
IPC: C01B31/02
CPC classification number: F23C6/02 , B01J2219/00157 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/152 , F23C99/00 , Y10S977/734 , Y10S977/842
Abstract: A mode of combustion and multi-component reactor to accomplish this mode of combustion are disclosed which produces fullerenes and fullerenic material by combustion. This mode consists of de-coupling an oxidation region of a flame from a post-flame region, thus giving greater control over operating parameters, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure; allows conditions of the operating parameters of the combustion reaction to be attained which would not be easily attained by conventional methods; and offers the ability to more easily stabilize the combustion reactions to allow for higher throughputs of fuel and oxidant. Several embodiments of a primary zone of a multi-component reactor are also disclosed. Said primary zone serves as the oxidation region, operates on the principle of providing recycle to the reacting combustion mixture, and which may be operated as approximately a well-mixed reactor. A secondary zone is also disclosed which provides further residence time for reaction and the ability to control operating parameters, operates on the principle of minimizing recycle of the reacting combustion mixture. The secondary zone may be operated as approximately a plug-flow reactor. The primary and secondary zones may be operated in conjunction or either one alone.
Abstract translation: 公开了实现这种燃烧模式的燃烧和多组分反应器的模式，其通过燃烧产生富勒烯和富勒烯物质。 该模式包括将来自火焰后区域的火焰的氧化区域去耦合，从而对操作参数（例如当量比，温度和压力）进行更大的控制; 允许通过常规方法不容易地获得燃烧反应的操作参数的条件; 并提供更容易稳定燃烧反应的能力，以允许更高的燃料和氧化剂产量。 还公开了多组分反应器的主要区域的几个实施方案。 所述主区域用作氧化区域，其操作原理是向反应燃烧混合物提供循环，并且可以作为大致良好混合的反应器操作。 还公开了次级区域，其提供进一步的反应停留时间和控制操作参数的能力，其操作原理是使反应燃烧混合物的循环最小化。 次级区可以作为大约一个活塞流反应器操作。 主区域和次区域可以一起操作或者单独操作。
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公开(公告)号：US20080280240A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-13
申请号：US12127536
申请日：2008-05-27
Applicant: Jack B. HOWARD , David F. KRONHOLM , Anthony J. MODESTINO , Henning RICHTER
Inventor： Jack B. HOWARD , David F. KRONHOLM , Anthony J. MODESTINO , Henning RICHTER
CPC classification number: F23C6/02 , B01J2219/00157 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/15 , C01B32/152 , F23C99/00 , Y10S977/734 , Y10S977/842
Abstract: A mode of combustion and multi-component reactor to accomplish this mode of combustion are disclosed which produces fullerenes and fullerenic material by combustion. This mode consists of de-coupling an oxidation region of a flame from a post-flame region, thus giving greater control over operating parameters, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure; allows conditions of the operating parameters of the combustion reaction to be attained which would not be easily attained by conventional methods; and offers the ability to more easily stabilize the combustion reactions to allow for higher throughputs of fuel and oxidant. Several embodiments of a primary zone of a multi-component reactor are also disclosed. Said primary zone serves as the oxidation region, operates on the principle of providing recycle to the reacting combustion mixture, and which may be operated as approximately a well-mixed reactor. A secondary zone is also disclosed which provides further residence time for reaction and the ability to control operating parameters, operates on the principle of minimizing recycle of the reacting combustion mixture. The secondary zone may be operated as approximately a plug-flow reactor. The primary and secondary zones may be operated in conjunction or either one alone.
Abstract translation: 公开了实现这种燃烧模式的燃烧和多组分反应器的模式，其通过燃烧产生富勒烯和富勒烯物质。 该模式包括将来自火焰后区域的火焰的氧化区域去耦合，从而对操作参数（例如当量比，温度和压力）进行更大的控制; 允许通过常规方法不容易地获得燃烧反应的操作参数的条件; 并提供更容易稳定燃烧反应的能力，以允许更高的燃料和氧化剂产量。 还公开了多组分反应器的主要区域的几个实施方案。 所述主区域用作氧化区域，其操作原理是向反应燃烧混合物提供循环，并且可以作为大致良好混合的反应器操作。 还公开了次级区域，其提供进一步的反应停留时间和控制操作参数的能力，其操作原理是使反应燃烧混合物的循环最小化。 次级区可以作为大约一个活塞流反应器操作。 主区域和次区域可以一起操作或者单独操作。
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