公开(公告)号：US5428492A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-27

申请号：US930737

申请日：1992-08-14

申请人： James W. Swonger

发明人： James W. Swonger

IPC分类号： G05F3/24 ,  H02H3/087 ,  H02H3/14

CPC分类号： G05F3/24 ,  H02H3/087 ,  Y10T307/549 ,  Y10T307/858

摘要： A current driver has a short circuit protection circuit which monitors the magnitude of the current driver's output voltage. The protection circuit looks for the failure of the output voltage to either change to a prescribed non short-circuit representative value within a prescribed time window after the onset of a voltage transition at the input node, or to maintain that value as dictated by the input signal. If either of these conditions occurs, the protection circuit takes action to reduce the driver's output current to a relatively small `short circuit` current.

摘要翻译： 电流驱动器具有短路保护电路，其监视当前驱动器的输出电压的幅度。 保护电路在输入节点开始电压转换开始之后，在规定的时间窗内寻找输出电压的故障，或者在规定的时间窗内改变为规定的非短路代表值，或者保持由输入端所规定的值 信号。 如果出现这些情况之一，则保护电路采取措施将驱动器的输出电流降低到相对较小的“短路”电流。

公开(公告)号：US5321318A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-14

申请号：US888140

申请日：1992-05-26

申请人： Michel Montreuil

发明人： Michel Montreuil

IPC分类号： H02H3/14 ,  H02H9/08

CPC分类号： H02H3/14

摘要： A method and device neutralize alternating stray current flowing through a ground return circuit in the proximity of an animal susceptible to be affected by this current. The alternating stray current flowing through the ground return circuit is sensed and a signal representative of that stray current is produced. In response to this current representative signal, an alternating compensatory current is generated and injected in the ground return circuit. The alternating compensatory current has an amplitude equal to the amplitude of the sensed stray current and is out of phase with respect to that stray current by an angle of 180.degree.. Therefore, the alternating compensatory current and the alternating stray current add in the ground return circuit and substantially cancel each other whereby the stray current can no longer affect the animal. A plurality of different configurations for the connection of the stray current neutralizing device to the ground return circuit are described, each configuration being adapted to a specific application.

摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置中和在易受这种电流影响的动物附近流过接地回路的交替杂散电流。 检测流过接地回路的交流杂散电流，产生代表杂散电流的信号。 响应于这个当前的代表性信号，产生交替的补偿电流并将其注入到接地回路中。 交替的补偿电流的振幅等于感测到的杂散电流的振幅，并且相对于杂散电流与180度的角相异。 因此，交流补偿电流和交流杂散电流加在接地回路中，并基本相互抵消，从而杂散电流不再影响动物。 描述了用于将杂散电流中和装置连接到接地返回电路的多种不同配置，每种配置适用于具体应用。

公开(公告)号：US5034622A

公开(公告)日：1991-07-23

申请号：US490081

申请日：1990-03-07

申请人： Paul T. Kuzmik

发明人： Paul T. Kuzmik

IPC分类号： H02H1/00 ,  H02H1/06 ,  H02H3/14

CPC分类号： H02H3/14 ,  H02H1/0084 ,  H02H1/06

摘要： A power supply board for connecting dry communication lines from a remote station to the electronic equipment at a power station and includes a brushless PM motor mounted in a motor section of the board. The motor is powered by a station-derived low voltage direct current source provided at the power station. A brushless PM generator is mounted in a spaced alternator section on the board. The motor and generator shafts are connected by a flexible tube for generating a voltage suitable for operating of the electronic equipment at the power station. An integrated motor drive circuit is mounted on the motor section and connected to the D.C. source via a protective circuit. The motor has a bank of Hall cell sensors for generating position control signals to the circuit for sequential energization of the three phase motor winding. The output of the alternator is rectified to establish an output voltage for operating the communication equipment. A voltage sampling circuit is coupled to the rectified output and connected by electrical/optical isolators and a fiber optic feedback line to the integrated circuit to create a closed loop system establishing a constant output voltage for operating the equipment.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将来自远程站的干通信线路连接到电站的电子设备的电源板，并且包括安装在所述电路板的电动机部分中的无刷PM电动机。 电动机由电站提供的由车站派生的低压直流电源供电。 无刷PM发电机安装在板上间隔的交流发电机部分。 电动机和发电机轴通过柔性管连接，用于产生适于在电站处操作电子设备的电压。 集成电动机驱动电路安装在电动机部分上，并通过保护电路连接到直流源。 电机具有一组霍尔单元传感器，用于产生位置控制信号到电路，用于三相电动机绕组的顺序通电。 交流发电机的输出被整流以建立用于操作通信设备的输出电压。 电压采样电路耦合到整流输出，并通过电/光隔离器和光纤反馈线连接到集成电路，以创建建立用于操作设备的恒定输出电压的闭环系统。

公开(公告)号：US4958250A

公开(公告)日：1990-09-18

申请号：US767108

申请日：1985-08-19

申请人： Edward J. Kotski

发明人： Edward J. Kotski

IPC分类号： H02H3/14 ,  H02H3/20 ,  H02H9/04

CPC分类号： H02H3/14 ,  H02H3/20 ,  H02H9/04 ,  H02H9/041

摘要： A switching apparatus (30) provides a normally high impedance connection which is capable of switching currents with high magnitudes and high rates of rise between the primary (12) and secondary (15) neutrals of a service transformer (13), such as that used to supply power to a farmstead, such that undesirable voltages appearing on the primary neutral line are not transmitted to the secondary neutral. Upon the occurrence of a fault at the distribution transformer, or a surge on the power line, the switching apparatus (30) rapidly switches to provide a low resistance connection between the primary and secondary neutrals so that any fault current passing from the primary to the secondary of the transformer will be shunted back to the primary neutral. The apparatus preferably includes a pair of high speed electronic switches (34, 35), such as SCR thyristors, connected in parallel with opposite polarity, the combined SCR's connected in series with an inductor, and the resulting series-parallel combination connected in parallel with a varistor between the primary and secondary neutrals.

摘要翻译： 开关装置（30）提供正常高阻抗连接，其能够在服务变压器（13）的初级（12）和次级（15）中性体之间切换具有高幅度和高上升速率的电流，例如使用 以向农田供电，使得出现在主要中性线上的不期望的电压不被传递到次级中性线。 在配电变压器发生故障或电力线上的浪涌时，开关装置（30）快速切换，以提供初级和次级中性点之间的低电阻连接，使得从初级到次级的任何故障电流 变压器的次级将被分流回到初级中性线。 该装置优选地包括一对以相反极性并联连接的SCR晶闸管的高速电子开关（34,35），组合的SCR与电感器串联连接，并且所得到的串联并联组合与 初级和次级中性点之间的压敏电阻。

公开(公告)号：US4451866A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-29

申请号：US367854

申请日：1982-04-13

申请人： Jean-Pierre Cinquin ,  Jacques Danthony ,  Charles Mulertt

发明人： Jean-Pierre Cinquin ,  Jacques Danthony ,  Charles Mulertt

IPC分类号： H02H3/02 ,  H02H3/14 ,  H02H9/04 ,  H02H9/06

CPC分类号： H02H3/023 ,  H02H3/14

摘要： In order positively to ground a structure such as a pole carrying an electric line, which is not sufficiently grounded and therefore presents risks of electrocution in the event of untimely connection with the line, a voltage detector is provided, interposed between the structure and the ground, a fuse cartridge is connected to the voltage detector, said cartridge comprising a plunger which, when the cartridge is functioning, triggers a short-circuit switch grounding the structure via large-section conductors. A surge arrester is associated with the system which, during the very short instant necessary for the assembly constituted by the voltage detector and fuse cartridge and switch to function, maintains the voltage of the structure at a limited value not presenting any risk of instantaneous electrocution.

摘要翻译： 为了积极地将诸如携带电线的极的结构接地，其不足够接地，并且因此在与线不及时连接的情况下存在触电的风险，设置有电压检测器，插入在结构和地面之间 一个保险丝盒连接到电压检测器，所述盒包括柱塞，该柱塞在盒工作时触发短路开关通过大截面导体接地结构。 电涌放电器与系统相关联，在由电压检测器和保险丝盒和开关起作用的组装所需的非常短的瞬间内，将结构的电压维持在不存在瞬间触电的风险的有限值。

公开(公告)号：US4398188A

公开(公告)日：1983-08-09

申请号：US309443

申请日：1981-10-07

申请人： Donn L. Feigal ,  Ronald R. Feigal

发明人： Donn L. Feigal ,  Ronald R. Feigal

IPC分类号： G01R19/165 ,  G01R27/18 ,  H02H3/14 ,  G08B21/00

CPC分类号： H02H3/14 ,  G01R19/16576 ,  G01R27/18

摘要： A ground circuit voltage detector for monitoring stray ground voltages occurring in dairy equipment to provide both an instantaneous warning indication and a sustained alarm indication. The voltage detector is connected between the equipment to be monitored at a sensing input and a separate ground. The sensed voltage is filtered and applied to a first comparator through an averaging circuit. If the average ground voltage exceeds the threshold level of the first comparator, a warning indication is provided which is proportional in strength to the sensed ground voltage. The first comparator is connected in series with a second comparator through an integrator. If the threshold level of the second comparator is exceeded, a sustained alarm indication is provided. A test circuit applies a voltage to the detector input to ensure the detector is operating properly.

摘要翻译： 一种接地电路电压检测器，用于监测乳品设备中发生的杂散接地电压，以提供即时警告指示和持续报警指示。 电压检测器连接在感测输入和单独接地的要监视的设备之间。 感测的电压被滤波并通过平均电路施加到第一比较器。 如果平均接地电压超过第一比较器的阈值电平，则提供警告指示，其强度与检测到的接地电压成比例。 第一比较器通过积分器与第二比较器串联连接。 如果超过第二比较器的阈值电平，则提供持续报警指示。 测试电路向检测器输入端施加电压，以确保检测器正常工作。

公开(公告)号：US4225899A

公开(公告)日：1980-09-30

申请号：US1438

申请日：1979-01-08

申请人： George Sotiriou

发明人： George Sotiriou

IPC分类号： G01R31/02 ,  H02H11/00 ,  H02H3/14

CPC分类号： G01R31/025 ,  H02H11/001

摘要： A ground detecting device for a vehicle, craft, or the like, having a storage tank mounted on the vehicle, or the like, equipment for selectively controlling the pumping of fluid into and out of the storage tank, comprises a transformer having first, second and third windings, the third winding being electrically connected to ground. A jack is electrically connected in shunt with the third winding. A prong is electrically connected to the vehicle, craft, or the like, and cooperates with the jack, when inserted therein, to short-circuit the third winding to ground. The short-circuit has a short-circuit impedance resulting in a voltage differential at the second winding. A comparator amplifier has a sensing input electrically connected to the second winding, a reference input, and an output. An astable multivibrator has an output electrically connected to the reference input of the comparator amplifier and to the first winding and supplies a reference input signal thereto. A relay has a relay energizing winding electrically connected to the output of the comparator amplifier and controls the equipment for selectively controlling the pumping of fluid into and out of the storage tank. When the vehicle, craft, or the like, is short-circuited, so that static electricity is dissipated from the vehicle, craft, or the like, the short-circuit is reflected at the primary winding of the transformer and produces a voltage drop between the reference input signal and the sensing input of the comparator amplifier. The voltage drop causes saturation of the amplifier resulting in energization of the relay energizing winding and operation of the equipment.

摘要翻译： 具有安装在车辆上的储罐等的用于车辆，工艺等的地面检测装置，用于选择性地控制流体进出储存罐的泵的设备包括具有第一，第二 和第三绕组，第三绕组电连接到地。 插座与第三绕组分流电连接。 叉头电连接到车辆，工艺等，并且当插入其中时与插座配合，以将第三绕组短路到地。 短路有短路阻抗，导致第二绕组的电压差。 比较器放大器具有电连接到第二绕组的感测输入，参考输入和输出。 不稳定的多谐振荡器具有电连接到比较器放大器的参考输入和第一绕组的输出，并向其提供参考输入信号。 继电器具有电连接到比较器放大器的输出的继电器通​​电绕组，并且控制设备以选择性地控制流入和流出储存罐的流体。 当车辆，工艺等被短路时，使得静电从车辆，工艺等散发，短路在变压器的初级绕组处反射，并且在变压器的初级绕组之间产生电压降 参考输入信号和比较器放大器的感测输入。 电压降引起放大器的饱和，导致继电器通电绕组和设备的运行。

公开(公告)号：US4152576A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-01

申请号：US790311

申请日：1977-04-25

申请人： Robert H. Blair

发明人： Robert H. Blair

IPC分类号： H01T4/08 ,  H02H3/14 ,  B23K9/10

CPC分类号： H01T4/08 ,  H02H3/14

摘要： A protective ground connector for establishing a direct ground connection in response to a fault voltage in a welding circuit. A pair of smooth-faced metal blocks are clamped in face-to-face relationship with each other with a relatively thin shim of electric insulating material clamped between the opposed faces of the blocks. One of the blocks is electrically connected to a circuit to be monitored, the other block is electrically connected to ground. The electrical characteristics of the shim are such as to electrically insulate the two blocks from each other in the face of normal circuit voltages and to break down in response to a fault voltage in the monitored circuit to thereby establish a direct ground connection.

摘要翻译： 一种用于响应于焊接电路中的故障电压建立直接接地连接的保护接地连接器。 一对平滑的金属块以彼此面对面的关系夹紧，其中相对薄的电绝缘材料垫片夹在块的相对面之间。 其中一个块电连接到要监视的电路，另一个电路与地电连接。 垫片的电气特性使得在面对正常电路电压的情况下使两个块彼此电绝缘，并且响应于所监视的电路中的故障电压而分解，从而建立直接接地连接。

公开(公告)号：US4099215A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-04

申请号：US654133

申请日：1976-02-02

申请人： Jean Parrier ,  Henri Parrier ,  Andre Parrier

发明人： Jean Parrier ,  Henri Parrier ,  Andre Parrier

IPC分类号： G01R31/02 ,  H02H3/14 ,  H02H3/16

CPC分类号： G01R31/025 ,  H02H3/14 ,  H02H3/165

摘要： The present invention relates to a security apparatus connected to the circuit of a machine in order to detect the presence of a fault therein such as a short circuit or loss of insulation between a power line and ground. The security apparatus comprises a tripping circuit having at least one transistor which is normally nonconductive and becomes conductive only when a fault current is fed to its base. The collector current activates a circuit breaking device and/or a signalling device which are continuously energized. The security apparatus operates, depending on its mode of connection, in response to a relatively small detected fault current resulting, for example, from defective insulation or from a short circuit. The security provided is irrespective of the state of the ground of the apparatus being protected.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种连接到机器的电路的安全装置，以便检测其中存在故障，例如电力线和地之间的短路或绝缘损失。 安全装置包括具有至少一个晶体管的跳闸电路，该晶体管通常是非导通的，并且只有当故障电流馈送到其基极时才变得导通。 集电极电流激活断路装置和/或连续通电的信号装置。 安全装置根据其连接方式响应于例如由于缺陷绝缘或短路导致的相对小的检测到的故障电流而工作。 所提供的安全性与被保护设备的状态无关。

公开(公告)号：US4025822A

公开(公告)日：1977-05-24

申请号：US602173

申请日：1975-08-05

申请人： W. Taliaferro Hughes ,  Stewart P. Barrett, Jr.

发明人： W. Taliaferro Hughes ,  Stewart P. Barrett, Jr.

IPC分类号： H02H11/00 ,  H02H3/14

CPC分类号： H02H11/002

摘要： A two to three wire converter circuit is disclosed which provides a protective function for users when using power hand tools, appliances or any electrically operated device. Many alternating current electrical supplies provide a hot or high line and a neutral line. Many electrical devices, such as hand tools and appliances, are provided with a high line, neutral and a ground line connected to the housing of the device. The present invention enables the connection of the housing ground line or the housing to the neutral line. The neutral line of an alternating current supply is connected to ground. The present invention provides a circuit for sensing which line is the high line and which line is the neutral line of an electric supply and connecting these to the electrical device only if the neutral line of the supply is connected to the neutral line of the electrical device. This invention serves an essential function since a two-prong plug may be inserted into the conventional electrical supply outlet two ways, the correct way with the normally high sides being connected, or incorrectly with the high side of supply being connected to the neutral line of the electrical device.The purpose of the above abstract is to provide a non-legal technical statement of the disclosure of the contents of the instant patent application and thus serve as a searching-scanning tool for scientists, engineers and researchers. Accordingly, this abstract is not intended to be used in understanding or otherwise comprehending the principles of the present invention hereinafter described in detail, nor is it intended to be used in interpreting or in any way limiting the scope or fair meaning of the claims appended hereto.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种二至三线转换器电路，其在使用电动手动工具，器具或任何电动装置时为用户提供保护功能。 许多交流电源提供热线或高线和中性线。 诸如手动工具和电器的许多电气装置设置有连接到装置的壳体的高线，中性线和地线。 本发明使得壳体接地线或壳体与中性线的连接。 交流电源的中性线连接到地。 本发明提供了一种电路，用于感测哪条线是高线，哪条线是电源的中性线，并且只有当电源的中性线连接到电气设备的中性线时才将其连接到电气设备 。 本发明具有基本功能，因为双头插头可以插入常规电源插座两种方式，正常方式与正常高端连接，或者错误地将电源的高侧连接到中性线 电气设备。