公开(公告)号：US5215632A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-01

申请号：US516396

申请日：1990-04-30

Applicant: Sharon D. Fritts ,  Tilak V. Bommaraju ,  Walter W. Ruthel

Inventor： Sharon D. Fritts ,  Tilak V. Bommaraju ,  Walter W. Ruthel

IPC: C01F11/22 ,  C25B1/26 ,  C25B15/08

CPC classification number: C25B1/265 ,  C01F11/22 ,  C25B15/08 ,  Y10S210/915

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of removing fluoride and sulfate ions from an aqueous stream by adding calcium chloride and a source of phosphate ion to the stream to form a first precipitate of calcium sulfate and a compound of calcium, fluoride, and phosphate. The precipitate is separated from the aqueous stream and a source of carbonate ion is added to the stream to form a second precipitate which contains fluoride and calcium. The second precipitate is then separated from the aqueous stream.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种通过向流中加入氯化钙和磷酸根离子来从水流中除去氟化物和硫酸根离子以形成硫酸钙和钙，氟化物和磷酸盐化合物的第一沉淀物的方法。 将沉淀物与水流分离，并将碳酸根离子源加入到流中以形成含有氟化物和钙的第二沉淀物。 然后将第二沉淀与水流分离。

公开(公告)号：US4952386A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-28

申请号：US196327

申请日：1988-05-20

Applicant: John B. Davison ,  Chung-Tseng Hsu

Inventor： John B. Davison ,  Chung-Tseng Hsu

IPC: B01D15/04 ,  B01J41/04 ,  B01J47/14 ,  C01B7/19 ,  C01G49/08

CPC classification number: C01B7/197 ,  C01B7/195 ,  C01B7/198 ,  C01G49/08 ,  Y10S210/915 ,  Y10S423/14

Abstract: A method for purifying hydrofluoric acid, comprising the steps of filtering the hydrofluoric acid to remove particulates, passing the filtered acid through a cation exchange material and an anion exchange material to remove ions therefrom, at least periodically automatically monitoring the acid that has passed through at least a predetermined portion of the cation exchange material for a predetermined level of cationic impurity representative of actual or impending ionic breakthrough in the cation exchange material, at least periodically automatically monitoring the acid that has passed through at least a predetermined portion of the anion exchange material for a predetermined level of anionic impurity representative of ionic breakthrough in the anion exchange material, automatically interrupting flow of acid through the anionic or cationic exchange material at or prior to the time the breakthrough in such material occurs, while the flow is interrupted, regenerating the anionic or cationic exchange material, resuming the flow after the exchange material is regenerated, passing the acid from the cationic and anionic exchange materials through an ultrafilter and into a storage container, and monitoring the level of particulate impurities in acid that has passed through the anion and cation exchange materials and automatically passing the acid in the storage container through a filter when the level of particulates exceeds a predetermined level, until the particulates are below the predetermined level. Also disclosed is an apparatus for performing the foregoing process.

Abstract translation: 一种净化氢氟酸的方法，包括以下步骤：过滤氢氟酸以除去微粒，使过滤的酸通过阳离子交换材料和阴离子交换材料以从其中除去离子，至少周期性地自动监测已通过的酸 至少一个阳离子交换材料的预定部分，用于表示阳离子交换材料中实际或即将离子穿透的预定水平的阳离子杂质，至少周期性地自动监测已经通过至少预定部分阴离子交换材料的酸 对于表示阴离子交换材料中的离子突破的预定水平的阴离子杂质，在发生这种材料的穿透时或之前自动中断通过阴离子或阳离子交换材料的酸流，同时流动被中断，再生 阴离子或阴 在交换材料再生后恢复流动，将酸从阳离子交换材料和阴离子交换材料通过超滤器并进入储存容器，并监测已经通过阴离子和阳离子的酸中的颗粒杂质的水平 交换材料，并且当微粒的水平超过预定水平时，直到颗粒低于预定水平时，通过过滤器自动地将酸存储在储存容器中。 还公开了一种用于执行上述处理的装置。

公开(公告)号：US4657680A

公开(公告)日：1987-04-14

申请号：US796825

申请日：1985-11-12

Applicant: John F. Zibrida

Inventor： John F. Zibrida

IPC: C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C02F1/20

CPC classification number: C02F1/586 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/583 ,  Y10S210/903 ,  Y10S210/906 ,  Y10S210/915

Abstract: A method is provided for the treatment of wastewater of pH ranging from about 1.5 to 3 containing at least about 100 ppm phosphorus as phosphate ions, at least about 50 ppm fluorine as fluoride ions and ammonia in excess of about 15 ppm NH.sub.3 (N)--T, the method comprising removing the phosphate and fluoride ions from the wastewater in a two-stage precipitation step; the first stage precipitation being conducted at a pH ranging from about 3.5 to 6.5 using an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of limestone (CaCO.sub.3) and lime [CaO or Ca(OH).sub.2 ] sufficient to form a precipitate which is removed to provide a filtrate of the wastewater which is treated in a second stage precipitation at a pH of at least about 10.5 using lime as the alkaline material sufficient to form a precipitate which is removed to provide substantially a clear effluent containing ammonia. The method also includes, if necessary, treating the ammonia-containing effluent with an alkaline material selected from the group consisting of lime and caustic sufficient to raise the pH to provide a free ammonia equivalence (FAE) of at least about 12.4; the free ammonia equivalence being determined as follows:FAE=pH+(.theta./15).sup.0.5,wherein pH is the pH value of the effluent and .theta. is the temperature of said effluent in degrees Fahrenheit. The effluent is then gas stripped to lower the total ammonia content thereof to a value of less than about 10 ppm NH.sub.3 (N)--T. The gas stripping is controlled to maintain the free ammonia equivalence of the effluent at a value of at least about 12.4, following which the stripped effluent is acidified to lower the un-ionized ammonia content to less than about 0.05 ppm NH.sub.3 (N).

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于处理约1.5至3的含有至少约100ppm磷的磷作为磷酸根离子的废水的方法，至少约50ppm的氟作为氟离子和超过约15ppm的NH 3（N） - T，该方法包括在两阶段沉淀步骤中从废水中除去磷酸盐和氟离子; 使用选自足以形成沉淀物的石灰石（CaCO 3）和石灰[CaO或Ca（OH）2]的碱性材料，在约3.5至6.5的pH范围内进行第一阶段沉淀，所述沉淀物被除去以提供 废水的滤液在第二阶段中以至少约10.5的pH沉淀，使用石灰作为足够的碱性物质形成沉淀物，其被除去以提供基本上含有氨的澄清流出物。 如果需要，该方法还包括用选自足以提高pH以提供至少约12.4的游离氨当量（FAE）的石灰和苛性碱的碱性物质处理含氨流出物; 游离氨当量的测定如下：FAE = pH +（θ/ 15）0.5，其中pH是流出物的pH值，θ是所述流出物的温度，以华氏度计。 然后将流出物气体汽提以将其总氨含量降低至小于约10ppm NH 3（N）-T的值。 控制气提以将流出物的游离氨当量保持在至少约12.4的值，随后将去除的流出物酸化以将未离子化的氨含量降低至小于约0.05ppm的NH 3（N）。

公开(公告)号：US4450777A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-29

申请号：US487236

申请日：1983-04-27

Applicant: Erhard Wolfrum ,  Manfred Erken ,  Dietrich Bocker

Inventor： Erhard Wolfrum ,  Manfred Erken ,  Dietrich Bocker

IPC: A62D3/00 ,  B01D15/00 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  B01D53/68 ,  C02F1/28 ,  F23G7/06 ,  F23B7/00

CPC classification number: C02F1/283 ,  B01D15/00 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/523 ,  B01D53/68 ,  Y10S210/915

Abstract: A process is provided for removing noxious pollutants containing sulfur and/or fluorine compounds from gaseous or liquid media by adsorption of the compounds on coke. The coke is produced by conventional processes from lignite (brown coal) containing alkaline ash compounds, particularly CaO and MgO as well as possibly Na.sub.2 O, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and K.sub.2 O. The coke with adsorbed sulfur and/or fluorine pollutants is incinerated at temperatures selected from 700.degree. C. and 1050.degree. C. such that the pollutants combine chemically with the alkaline ash compounds so that the pollutants become bound in the coke ash rather than being emitted to the environment in the combustion gases.

Abstract translation: 提供了通过将化合物吸附在焦炭上，从气体或液体介质中除去含有硫和/或氟化合物的有害污染物的方法。 焦炭由含有碱性灰分化合物的褐煤（褐煤），特别是CaO和MgO以及可能的Na 2 O，Al 2 O 3和K 2 O的常规方法生产。 具有吸附的硫和/或氟污染物的焦炭在700℃和1050℃的温度下焚烧，使得污染物与碱性灰分化合物化学结合，使得污染物结合在焦炭中而不是被排放 对环境的燃烧气体。

公开(公告)号：US4171342A

公开(公告)日：1979-10-16

申请号：US863085

申请日：1977-12-22

Applicant: Ronald J. Hirko ,  Harold E. Mills

Inventor： Ronald J. Hirko ,  Harold E. Mills

IPC: A23K1/175 ,  C01B25/22 ,  C01B25/222 ,  C01B25/32 ,  C01F11/22 ,  C02F1/52 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C02F1/66

CPC classification number: C02F1/66 ,  A23K20/26 ,  C01B25/22 ,  C01B25/222 ,  C01B25/328 ,  C01F11/22 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F1/583 ,  C02F2101/105 ,  C02F2101/14 ,  C02F2103/34 ,  C02F2209/06 ,  Y10S210/906 ,  Y10S210/915

Abstract: Calcium fluoride is produced from pond waters resulting from phosphoric acid processing by treating the pond waters with calcium carbonate and/or calcium oxide in two stages to precipitate out the major part of the fluorine values from the waters as calcium fluoride. After removal of the calcium fluoride the filtrate is treated with calcium oxide to remove a substantial portion of the remaining fluorine values as calcium fluoride. After removal of these calcium fluoride solids, the filtrate is treated with another charge of calcium oxide to produce dicalcium phosphate (dical) which is separated from the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is treated with an additional charge of calcium oxide to remove a substantial portion of the solids from the aqueous phase leaving waters that can be discharged as waste or recycled as process water.

Abstract translation: 氟化钙是通过磷酸处理产生的池塘水，由碳酸钙和/或氧化钙分两个阶段处理池塘水，从而将大部分氟值从水中以氟化钙沉淀出来。 除去氟化钙后，用氧化钙处理滤液以除去大部分剩余氟值作为氟化钙。 在除去这些氟化钙固体后，将滤液用另一次加入氧化钙处理以产生与水相分离的磷酸二钙（dical）。 水相用额外的氧化钙处理以从水相中除去大部分固体，离开水，其可以作为废物排出或作为工艺用水再循环。

公开(公告)号：US4170554A

公开(公告)日：1979-10-09

申请号：US592512

申请日：1975-07-02

Applicant: Ivan G. Freshcorn

Inventor： Ivan G. Freshcorn

IPC: C02F9/00 ,  C02C5/02

CPC classification number: C02F1/66 ,  C02F2101/14 ,  C02F2101/22 ,  Y10S210/913 ,  Y10S210/915 ,  Y10S210/919

Abstract: A method of pollution abatement in the outflow of wastewater from a manufacturing plant or the like. A simultaneous precipitation of chromium and flouride contaminants is carried out with a subsequent removal of precipitates under conditions substantially reducing the volume of solids containing water to be handled.

Abstract translation: 废水从制造厂等流出污染减排的方法。 进行铬和氟化物污染物的同时沉淀，随后在显着降低待处理水分的固体体积的条件下随后除去沉淀物。

公开(公告)号：US3961027A

公开(公告)日：1976-06-01

申请号：US407722

申请日：1973-10-18

Applicant: Thomas J. Crossley

Inventor： Thomas J. Crossley

IPC: C01G43/00 ,  C01F11/22 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C22B60/02 ,  G21F9/10 ,  C01G43/02 ,  C02B1/46

CPC classification number: C22B60/0252 ,  C01F11/22 ,  Y10S210/915

Abstract: Waste water containing large amounts of fluorides and ammonia and trace amounts of uranium, as is produced during the hydrolysis and ammonium hydroxide treatment of uranium hexafluoride (UF.sub.6) to produce ammonium diuranate (ADU) therefrom, is rendered suitable for cyclic reuse by initially treating the waste water with sufficient lime to precipitate substantially all of the fluorides present in the waste water to a relatively insoluble CaF.sub.2 precipitate, the treated solution is subjected to distillation to drive off ammonia for reuse in the ADU precipitation, the CaF.sub.2 precipitate is separated from the aqueous distilland leaving water with dissolved calcium, the distilland is treated by a cationic ion-exchange material to remove substantially all of the calcium and other cationic metal impurities and the resulting water containing small amounts of uranium, fluoride and ammonia is recycled to react with UF.sub.6 or to be combined with the ammonium hydroxide distillate and then treated with additional concentrated ammonium hydroxide to form a solution of the desired NH.sub.3 content for use in precipitating ADU. This recycling is most important for ecological reasons, and for cost improvement, as well as health and safety purposes.

Abstract translation: 含有大量氟化物和氨和微量铀的废水，如在六水合铀（UF6）的水解和氢氧化铵处理过程中产生的产生二氢铀酸铵（ADU）的痕量铀，通过最初处理 具有足够石灰的废水将废水中基本上所有的氟化物沉淀成相对不溶的CaF 2沉淀物，将处理过的溶液进行蒸馏除去氨以便在ADU沉淀中重新使用，将CaF 2沉淀物从水溶液 蒸馏出具有溶解的钙的水，蒸馏物通过阳离子交换材料处理以除去基本上所有的钙和其它阳离子金属杂质，并将所得的含有少量铀，氟化物和氨的水再循环到与UF6反应或 与氢氧化铵馏出物结合，然后用地衣处理 浓缩的氢氧化铵以形成用于沉淀ADU的所需NH 3含量的溶液。 这种回收利用对于生态原因以及改善成本以及健康和安全的目的而言是最重要的。

公开(公告)号：US3859423A

公开(公告)日：1975-01-07

申请号：US27422272

申请日：1972-07-24

Applicant: HARTIG RUFUS G

Inventor： HARTIG RUFUS G

IPC: C01B25/225 ,  C01B33/10 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C01B11/00 ,  C01B25/16

CPC classification number: C02F1/583 ,  C01B25/225 ,  C01B33/103 ,  Y10S210/915

Abstract: Closed pond system or process for eliminating the conventional pond systems of wet process phosphoric acid complexes, and to remove fluorine process gas streams, wherein liquid effluents from wet process phosphoric acid complexes, including scrubber liquor from gas scrubbing operations of the complex, are cooled and clarified, and the liquid from the clarifier recycled to the phosphate complex, the sludge or slurry being filtered to remove solids, the solids being calcined to drive off fluorinecontaining gases. The calcined solids consist principally of sodium fluoride (NaF) which is recycled to the clarifier overflow to be mixed with the liquid returned to the phosphate complex. In the phosphate complex the liquid from the clarifier is used to scrub plant gases, and is mixed with other scrubber liquors from the plant, and recycled again to the cooling tower and clarifier. The HF in the effluent plant liquids is converted to SiF4 by maintaining an excess of SiO2, and the NaF reacts with the SiF4 to form Na2SiF6. The Na2SiF6 is calcined to produce NaF and gaseous SiF4, the latter being scrubbed with water to form H2SiF6 of commercial quality.

公开(公告)号：US3493340A

公开(公告)日：1970-02-03

申请号：US3493340D

申请日：1965-06-29

Applicant: SIMPLOT CO J R

Inventor： BOSEN WENDELL R ,  HUMBERGER ROGER B ,  SMITH JACK L ,  DAVIS CHARLES M

IPC: C01B25/22 ,  C01F11/46

CPC classification number: C01B25/22 ,  Y10S210/915

公开(公告)号：US3024086A

公开(公告)日：1962-03-06

申请号：US82035359

申请日：1959-06-15

Applicant: PHILLIPS PETROLEUM CO

Inventor： CINES MARTIN R

IPC: B01D53/68 ,  C01B33/152

CPC classification number: C01B33/1525 ,  B01D53/68 ,  Y10S210/915