Abstract:
A tunable microwave ablation catheter system is disclosed which matches the impedance of its power supply with the transmission line to minimize reflected power and optimize energy delivery to targeted tissues. The tuner itself may be located in the power supply, the transmission line or the antenna. Tuner mechanisms at these locations can change the antenna configuration, move material relative to the antenna or alter the waveguide. A controller monitors the catheter system operation. A method of medical treatment is disclosed where the impedances of the components of the systems are adjusted during use to compensate for impedance variations.
Abstract:
An ablation catheter includes an elongated flexible tubular member adapted to be inserted into a vessel in the body of a patient. A transmission line is disposed within the tubular member and a transducer is coupled to the transmission line for generating an electric field sufficiently strong to cause tissue ablation. A shape memory wire is positioned at a distal portion of the catheter adjacent the transducer to facilitate straightening the catheter tip after use. In one preferred embodiment, the shape memory wire may a flat wire which is formed from copper beryllium, a steel alloy, or nickel titanium. In another embodiment, the transmission line of the catheter is a coaxial cable, and the transducer is a helical antenna coil that is adapted to radiate electromagnetic energy in the microwave frequency range. In yet another embodiment, the shape memory wire is positioned within the antenna coil. Methods for manufacturing and using such ablation catheters are also described.
Abstract:
An ablation catheter with an anchoring tip extension includes an elongated flexible tubular member adapted to be inserted into a vessel in the body of a patient. A transmission line is disposed within the tubular member, and a transducer is coupled to the transmission line for generating an electric field sufficiently strong to cause tissue ablation. An anchoring tip extension, which is located at the distal end of the catheter, lodges into the wall of a cardiac chamber and serves to anchor the catheter both during an ablation procedure and during the process of conforming the catheter to the wall. In one preferred embodiment, the catheter includes a shape memory wire. In another embodiment, the transmission line of the catheter is a co-axial cable, and the transducer is a helical antenna coil that is adapted to radiate electromagnetic energy in the microwave frequency range. Methods for manufacturing and using such ablation catheters are also described.
Abstract:
A cardiac ablation apparatus including a solenoidal antenna, monitoring electrodes, and a coupling network at a distal end of a catheter transmission line, and another coupling network at the proximal end of the catheter transmission line to connect the catheter to the source of radiofrequency (RF) power and to an intracardiac electrogram monitor. Solenoidal antenna design includes single and multiple windings with varying geometrical features. Plated plastic tri-axial design of a transmission line offers unitary fabrication. A catheter with variable impedance electrode and gap coatings has features useful for both ablation and for hyperthermia applications.
Abstract:
A tuner system for a microwave power supply used in an ablation catheter system is disclosed. The tuner system includes a tuner arranged to facilitate matching the impedance of a power generator side portion of the catheter system with the impedance of a catheter side portion of the catheter system. A reflected power monitor is also provided for monitoring the amount of power that is reflected from the catheter during use. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the tuner is used in a power supply that includes a microwave power source and is used in conjunction with a catheter having a coaxial transmission line and a helical antenna. In a method aspect of the invention, a method for medical treatment using a microwave ablation catheter system is disclosed.
Abstract:
The invention provides a thermal design of a catheter where the active electrode is partially covered by a heat conducting and electrically insulating heat-sink layer for localizing and controlling an electrical heating of tissue and cooling of the active electrode by convective blood flow. The invention further comprises a current equalizing coating for gradual transition of electrical properties at a boundary of a metallic active electrode and an insulating catheter tube. The current equalizing coating controls current density and the distribution of tissue heating.
Abstract:
The present invention discloses medical systems and methods adapted for the delivery of various medical components such as microwave antennas within or on a body for performing one or more medical procedures. Several embodiments herein disclose medical systems comprising a combination of one or more medical components and one or more elongate steerable or non-steerable arms that are adapted to mechanically manipulate the one or more medical components. Several embodiments of microwave antennas are disclosed that comprise an additional diagnostic or therapeutic modality located on or in the vicinity of the microwave antennas.
Abstract:
An antenna system for tissue ablation includes an energy transmission member, a conductive hollow coil member, and a fluid cooling system. The energy transmission member has an inner conductor, an outer conductor, and a dielectric layer between the inner and outer conductors. A portion of the dielectric layer extends distally of a distal end of the outer conductor. The conductive hollow coil member includes a member lumen within a length of the conductive hollow coil member. The conductive hollow coil member is coiled around the portion of the dielectric layer and is separate from the inner conductor. The conductive hollow coil member extends along an entire length of the outer conductor of the energy transmission member. The fluid cooling system is coupled to the conductive hollow coil member for providing a flow of a cooling fluid through the member lumen for cooling the conductive hollow coil member.
Abstract:
A microwave antenna has a radiating portion connected by a feedline to a power generating source, e.g., a generator. Proximal and distal radiating portions of the antenna assembly are separated by a junction member. A reinforcing member is disposed within the junction member to increase structural rigidity.
Abstract:
A system including a catheter navigable to a location within a patient, a lumen extending through the catheter and ending at the distal end in an orifice, a fluid controller in fluid communication with the lumen of the catheter and capable of supplying a fluid to or removing a fluid from an area proximate the desired location. The control of the fluid in the area proximate the desired location affecting a dielectric constant of the area proximate the desired location. The system includes a microwave energy source, and a microwave ablation probe connected to the microwave energy source, the microwave ablation probe being navigable to a desired location within the patient. Application of energy from the microwave energy source to the microwave ablation probe in an area proximate the desired location having the affected dielectric constant results in a substantially spherical tissue effect in the area proximate the desired location.