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公开(公告)号：US5462719A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-31
申请号：US255583
申请日：1994-06-08
CPC分类号： C10G49/002 , B01D3/008 , B01D3/009 , B01F5/0603 , B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0492
摘要： A method and apparatus for mixing and distributing two reactants within a column. The apparatus forms a mixing zone in the column into which a first reactant (e.g. a process stream having both gas and liquid phases) flows vertically downward. The second reactant (e.g. quench gas) is introduced into the mixing zone and flows radially to intercept the downflowing process stream. Due to the construction of the mixing zone, a torturous path is provided which thoroughly mixes the different gas phases and the liquid phase by several different mechanisms, i.e. (a) radial jet mixing; (b) perpendicular mixing of the liquid and gas phases; (c) jet/turbulent mixing; (d) high velocity swirl jet mixing and atomizing of the liquid phase; (e) turbulent swirl mixing after the liquid is atomized; (f) additional turbulent jet mixing; and (g) energy dissipation of the flow as the mixed stream is distributed radially outward across the column through first a sieve tray and then a riser tray.
摘要翻译： 一种在柱内混合和分配两种反应物的方法和装置。 该装置在柱中形成混合区，第一反应物（例如，具有气相和液相两者的工艺流）向其垂直向下流动。 将第二反应物（例如骤冷气体）引入混合区并径向流动以拦截向下流动的工艺流。 由于混合区的构造，提供了一种曲折路径，其通过几种不同的机构（即（a）径向射流混合）将不同的气相和液相充分混合; （b）液相和气相的垂直混合; （c）射流/湍流混合; （d）液相的高速涡流喷射混合和雾化; （e）液体雾化后的湍流漩涡混合; （f）额外的湍流喷射混合; 和（g）当混合物流通过第一筛塔盘然后是提升塔盘径向向外分布时，流动的能量耗散。
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公开(公告)号：US4788040A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-29
申请号：US883848
申请日：1986-07-10
CPC分类号： C10G49/002 , B01J8/0278
摘要： An inlet distributor system for a fixed bed catalyst reactor which includes an inlet deflector cone positioned to deflect liquid in cooperation with a splash plate onto a liquid distributor trough positioned therebelow. An upper tray is positioned beneath the distributor trough to receive liquid therefrom. The upper distributor tray has a series of risers in spaced position thereon and extending above and below the upper distributor tray. The risers are hollow and open above and below the upper distributor tray to permit vapor to pass through the tray and each riser has a plurality of weir slots cut into its outer surface through which liquid can pass through the tray. A lower distributor tray is positioned beneath the upper distributor tray to receive liquid passing through the weir slots of the risers. The lower distributor tray has a series of risers and downpipes thereon arranged in a predetermined pattern. Each of the risers and downpipes in said pattern extend above and below the lower distributor tray and have openings above and below the lower distributor tray to form a through passageway for liquid to pass through the tray when received from the upper distributor tray. The passageway in the downpipes is formed by an axial bore therethrough and the passageway in the risers is formed by its hollow tubular configuration open at the bottom and having a side opening therein above the upper surface of the lower distributor tray each riser includes another upper opening above the lower distributor tray to permit vapor to pass through the tray. The pattern of risers and downpipes provide an advantageous arrangement of passageways for liquid to be distributed to the catalytic bed therebelow.
摘要翻译： 一种用于固定床催化剂反应器的入口分配器系统，其包括入口偏转器锥体，其定位成将与溅射板协作的液体偏转到位于其下方的液体分配器槽。 上托盘位于分配器槽下方以从其接收液体。 上部分配器托盘具有一系列在隔板位置上的提升器，并且在上部分配器托盘的上方和下方延伸。 上升管是中空的，并且在上部分配器托盘的上方和下方敞开，以允许蒸汽通过托盘，并且每个提升管具有切割到其外表面中的多个堰槽，液体可以通过该外部表面通过托盘。 下部分配器托盘位于上部分配器托盘下方以接收通过提升管的堰槽的液体。 下分配器托盘在其上以预定图案布置有一系列立管和落管。 所述图案中的每个立管和下水管都在下部分配器托盘的上方和下方延伸，并且在下部分配器托盘的上方和下方具有开口，以形成通道，用于在从上部分配器托盘接收时液体通过托盘。 下水管中的通道由穿过其中的轴向孔形成，并且提升管中的通道由其在底部开放的中空管状构造形成，并且在下分配器托盘的上表面上方具有侧开口，每个立管包括另一上部开口 在下分配器托盘上方，以允许蒸汽通过托盘。 提升管和水管的图案提供了用于液体分配到其下方的催化床的通道的有利布置。
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63.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4681674A
公开(公告)日：1987-07-21
申请号：US795816
申请日：1985-11-07
申请人： Richard G. Graven , John C. Zahner
发明人： Richard G. Graven , John C. Zahner
CPC分类号： B01J8/02 , C10G45/58 , C10G49/002 , B01J2208/00079 , B01J2208/00088 , B01J2208/00265 , B01J2208/00548 , B01J2208/0061 , Y10S208/01
摘要： A continuous process and system is provided for a petroleum oil in a multi-phase fixed bed catalytic reactor column comprising methods and means for:feeding the oil and a reactant gas at production flow rates above a first bed of porous solid catalyst particles under conversion conditions for cocurrent downward flow therethrough, collecting and withdrawing the treated oil from the first bed and redistributing at least a portion of the treated oil to at least one succeeding catalyst bed while permitting the gaseous phase to flow directly to the succeeding lower catalyst bed, recycling a quantity of treated oil collected below a catalyst bed and reapplying the treated oil at a preceding redistribution zone above the bed from which treated oil is collected, whereby the total of oil production flow rate and recycled treated oil flow rate is maintained at a predetermined minimum sufficient to effect uniform catalyst wetting. This technique is useful for hydrodewaxing of oils over zeolite catalysts.
摘要翻译： 在多相固定床催化反应器塔中为石油提供连续的方法和系统，其包括以下方法和装置：在转化条件下，以多孔固体催化剂颗粒的第一床上方的生产流速输入油和反应气体 从而从第一床收集和取出经处理的油并将至少一部分经处理的油重新分配至至少一个后续催化剂床，同时允许气相直接流到后续的下层催化剂床，循环利用 在催化剂床下面收集的处理油的量，并在处理油被收集的床上方的先前再分配区上重新施加处理的油，由此将总产生的油生产流量和循环处理的油的流速保持在预定的最小值 以实现均匀的催化剂润湿。 该技术可用于油在沸石催化剂上的加氢脱蜡。
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公开(公告)号：US4630779A
公开(公告)日：1986-12-23
申请号：US761719
申请日：1985-08-02
申请人： Osamu Suuchi , Shuzo Mimaya , Masaru Ohashi
发明人： Osamu Suuchi , Shuzo Mimaya , Masaru Ohashi
CPC分类号： B01J8/0015 , C04B41/0009 , C10G49/002
摘要： Consolidated waste catalyst is discharged from a reactor by forming at least one hole in it, then filling the hole with hydrative expansive fracturing agent in the presence of water, waiting until fracturing occurs and then discharging the fractured catalyst from the reactor.
摘要翻译： 通过在其中形成至少一个孔将合并的废催化剂从反应器排出，然后在水存在下用水膨胀型压裂剂填充孔，等待发生断裂，然后从反应器中排出破裂的催化剂。
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公开(公告)号：US4579647A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-01
申请号：US732021
申请日：1985-05-08
申请人： Fritz A. Smith
发明人： Fritz A. Smith
CPC分类号： C10G49/002 , B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0453
摘要： A fixed bed catalytic reactor having a porous bed of catalyst particles contained in a closed reactor shell, comprisinginlet means for introducing a downwardly flowing mixed stream of gas and liquid reactants;phase separator means for receiving said mixed stream and directing liquid onto the porous catalyst bed, said separator means being disposed within the reactor shell between said inlet means and said porous catalytic bed;said separator means comprising an upper foraminous wall having a series of gas outlets permitting a substantially-gaseous phase to escape outwardly from the separator means into an upper reactor portion, and lower liquid distribution means for receiving a stream of substantially liquid phase and dividing said liquid phase into a plurality of spaced-apart liquid streams directed toward the porous catalyst bed; andmeans for recovering gaseous and liquid reaction products from the reactor shell.The phase separator-distributor is particularly useful for retrofitting a reactor to accommodate mixed flow without requiring welding internal structures onto the reactor shell. In a petrochemical complex, such separation and distribution system is advantageous in converting a reactor system for hydrotreating of a hydrocarbon distillate, such as dewaxing.
摘要翻译： 一种具有包含在封闭反应器壳体中的催化剂颗粒多孔床的固定床催化反应器，包括用于引入向下流动的气体和液体反应物流的混合流的入口装置; 相分离器装置，用于接收所述混合流并将液体引导到多孔催化剂床上，所述分离器装置设置在所述入口装置和所述多孔催化床之间的反应器壳体内; 所述分离器装置包括具有一系列气体出口的上部多孔壁，其允许基本上气相从分离器装置向外逸出到上部反应器部分中;以及下部液体分配装置，用于接收基本上液相的流并将所述液体 相进入朝向多孔催化剂床的多个间隔开的液体流; 以及用于从反应器壳体回收气态和液体反应产物的装置。 相分离器分配器特别适用于改装反应器以适应混合流动，而不需要将内部结构焊接到反应器壳体上。 在石化复合物中，这种分离和分配系统有利于转化用于烃馏出物加氢处理的反应器系统，例如脱蜡。
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66.发明授权Process for the hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons in an expanded or ebullated catalyst bed 失效在膨胀或沸腾的催化剂床中加氢处理烃的方法
公开(公告)号：US4478707A
公开(公告)日：1984-10-23
申请号：US512050
申请日：1983-07-08
IPC分类号： C10G49/16 , B01J8/12 , B01J8/18 , B01J8/22 , B01J8/24 , B01J8/34 , C10G49/00 , C10G49/12 , C10G45/20 , C10G47/30
CPC分类号： C10G49/12 , B01J8/1818 , B01J8/1827 , B01J8/22 , B01J8/34 , C10G49/002
摘要： The hydrotreatment of hydrocarbons in the liquid phase is effected in a column containing a catalyst bed supported by a grid, wherethrough passes an ascending stream of the charge admixed with hydrogen which expands the catalyst bed, the perforations of the grid being small enough to prevent passage of the catalyst particles but large enough to permit passage of the hydrogen-charge mixture, the reaction effluent being withdrawn from the top of the column.
摘要翻译： 在液相中烃的加氢处理在含有由格栅支撑的催化剂床的柱中进行，通过通过与催化剂床膨胀的氢混合的电荷的上升流，栅格的穿孔足够小以防止通过 的催化剂颗粒，但足够大以允许氢气混合物通过，反应流出物从塔的顶部排出。
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公开(公告)号：US4385033A
公开(公告)日：1983-05-24
申请号：US336420
申请日：1981-12-31
申请人： Ramesh Gupta
发明人： Ramesh Gupta
CPC分类号： B01J8/0492 , B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0453 , C10G49/002
摘要： The invention is for a fixed bed reactor with two phase gas and liquid flow. The reactor has at least one auxiliary bed of solid particles disposed above the main bed of solid particles. The auxiliary bed has a liquid bypass comprised of hollow tubing extending through the auxiliary bed. Liquid receptacles provide a liquid seal above the liquid bypasses, thereby preventing gas from bypassing along with the liquid. The liquid spilled from the flow receptacles seeks its lowest level and flows through the auxiliary bed. The tubing provides a bypass first for the liquid and later for both the liquid and gas when the auxiliary bed becomes fouled and the liquid seal is thereby broken. This feed arrangement allows for a low pressure drop bypassing of the auxiliary bed, when the auxiliary bed becomes fouled and clogged. The invention is also applicable to other apparatuses which use a flow arrangement similar to fixed bed reactors, but which do not necessarily utilize a chemical reaction. One example of such apparatus is a packed absorption tower having co-current downflow of gas and liquid.
摘要翻译： 本发明是用于具有两相气体和液体流的固定床反应器。 反应器具有至少一个固体颗粒辅助床，其设置在固体颗粒主床上方。 辅助床具有包括延伸穿过辅助床的中空管的液体旁路。 液体容器在液体旁路之上提供液体密封，从而防止气体与液体一起旁路。 从流动容器溢出的液体寻求其最低水平并流过辅助床。 当辅助床被污染并且液体密封件被破坏时，管道首先为液体提供旁路并且随后用于液体和气体。 当辅助床被弄脏并堵塞时，该馈送装置允许辅助床的低压降旁路。 本发明也适用于使用类似于固定床反应器但不一定利用化学反应的流动布置的其它装置。 这种装置的一个实例是具有气流和液体的并流下流的填充吸收塔。
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公开(公告)号：US4380529A
公开(公告)日：1983-04-19
申请号：US261985
申请日：1981-05-08
申请人： Ramesh Gupta
发明人： Ramesh Gupta
CPC分类号： C10G49/002 , B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0453 , B01J8/0492
摘要： The invention is for a fixed bed reactor with two phase gas and liquid flow. The reactor has at least one auxiliary bed of solid particles disposed above the main bed of solid particles. The auxiliary bed has separate liquid and gas bypasses comprised of hollow tubing extending through the auxiliary bed to a distributor tray. A liquid layer on the tray provides a liquid seal above the liquid bypasses, thereby preventing gas from bypassing along with the liquid. This feed arrangement allows for a low pressure drop bypassing of the auxiliary bed, when the auxiliary bed becomes fouled and clogged. The invention is also applicable to other apparatuses which use a flow arrangement similar to fixed bed reactors, but which do not necessarily utilize a chemical reaction. One example of such apparatus is a packed absorption tower having co-current downflow of gas and liquid.
摘要翻译： 本发明是用于具有两相气体和液体流的固定床反应器。 反应器具有至少一个固体颗粒辅助床，其设置在固体颗粒主床上方。 辅助床具有分离的液体和气体旁路，其包括通过辅助床延伸到分配器托盘的中空管。 托盘上的液体层在液体旁路上提供液体密封，从而防止气体与液体一起旁路。 当辅助床被弄脏并堵塞时，该馈送装置允许辅助床的低压降旁路。 本发明也适用于使用类似于固定床反应器但不一定利用化学反应的流动布置的其它装置。 这种装置的一个实例是具有气流和液体的并流下流的填充吸收塔。
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公开(公告)号：US4133645A
公开(公告)日：1979-01-09
申请号：US902659
申请日：1978-05-04
申请人： Norman H. Scott
发明人： Norman H. Scott
CPC分类号： B01J8/0278 , B01J8/0492 , C10G49/002
摘要： A method and distributor device for effecting the uniform distribution of a mixed-phase vapor/liquid reactant stream across the upper surface of a fixed-bed of catalyst particles. Mixed-phase reactants or components are first separated into a principally vapor-phase and a principally liquid-phase. These separated phases are then re-mixed in a manner which creates a vapor/liquid froth; the latter being re-distributed to the upper surface of the bed of catalyst particles. Briefly, the distributor comprises three annular-form, catalyst-free volumes which are defined by the interior surface of said chamber and three cylindrical walls in concentric relationship therewith.
摘要翻译： 一种用于实现混合相蒸气/液体反应物流均匀分布穿过固定床催化剂颗粒的上表面的方法和分配装置。 混合相反应物或组分首先分离成主要是气相和主要是液相。 然后将这些分离的相以以产生蒸汽/液体泡沫的方式重新混合; 后者被再分配到催化剂颗粒床的上表面。 简而言之，分配器包括由所述室的内表面和与其同心的三个圆柱形壁限定的三个环形的，无催化剂的体积。
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公开(公告)号：US3880961A
公开(公告)日：1975-04-29
申请号：US42888573
申请日：1973-12-27
申请人： BRITISH PETROLEUM CO
发明人： ALCOCK LESLIE
CPC分类号： B01J8/0492 , C10G49/002
摘要： A quench box suitable for use in a down flow reactor has walls defining an inner and an outer compartment, passages in the outer-compartment wall, a contoured roof giving a valley with passages into the inner compartment, and passages in the floor of the outer compartment. Preferred ratios of the areas of the three sets of passages are given and preferred ratios of dimensions for the box. The box is particularly suitable for reactors for the hydrocatalytic treatment of petroleum fractions boiling above 300*C and a hydrogen injection ring may be placed above the quench box.
摘要翻译： 适用于下流式反应器的淬火箱具有限定内部隔室和外部隔室的通道，外部隔室壁中的通道，具有通向内部隔间的通道的带轮廓的屋顶，以及外部隔室的地板中的通道 隔间
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