摘要:
The present invention relates to an irradiation device for irradiating an irradiation object with heavy charged particles at an irradiation station, comprising a particle accelerator for providing a particle beam and a swivelling device for swivelling the particle beam impinging on the irradiation object, wherein the swivelling device comprises a carrier pivotable about an axis. In accordance with the invention, the irradiation device is characterized in that the particle accelerator is mounted on the pivotable carrier.
摘要:
Inside a vacuum chamber 200 a cleaning unit 204 provides atomic hydrogen or atomic deuterium for cleaning a surface 202 at a pressure of less than 10−4 Torr or of more than 10−3 Torr. The surface 202 is heated by the heating unit 203 to a temperature of at least 50° C. This allows achieving cleaning rates of more than 60 Å/h. Preferably, the surface 202 is the surface of a multilayer mirror 201 as used in an EUV lithography apparatus.
摘要:
A method and device for fracture separation of a workpiece into components of the workpiece, wherein a recess is produced by a material processing device in a predetermined area of the components by removal of material from the components. The recess serves as a crack initiation site for the separation of the components. The component is heated in an area of the recess by the material processing device, and the heating takes place with a predetermined heat input in such a way that a temperature of the components does not exceed a predetermined temperature.
摘要:
An apparatus comprises an emissions trap and a transfer function device. The transfer function device is configured to determine a transfer function of the emissions trap wherein the transfer function is representative of loading of the emissions trap. An associated method is disclosed.
摘要:
An operational system and method and improved apparatus for positioning and stabbing well tubulars wherein: the grasping members of the apparatus can be folded and unfolded; the boom assembly can be pivoted to a downward clearance position; a plurality of stabbing apparatuses can be placed and used in a stacked position in the derrick; the grasping members can opened at an angle with respect the boom; the grasping members can be mounted on either lateral side of the boom; a sensor monitors the relative position of the rig top drive with respect to the stabbing apparatus; the grasping members and/or the boom will automatically pivot to a breakaway position if impacted; and/or the system is programmed and configured to prevent the accidental performance of critical operations out of sequence.
摘要:
What is disclosed is a hydraulic drive mechanism for a blanking or forming machine comprising a working cylinder having several pressure chambers, the piston of which acts directly or indirectly on a workpiece to be processed, wherein at least one pressure chamber of the working cylinder for retracting and extending the piston is adapted to be subjected to a tank pressure or a supply pressure via a continuously adjustable valve, and comprising a valve assembly arranged upstream of the continuously adjustable valve, whereby an inlet port of the continuously adjustable valve may be subjected to a higher or lower supply pressure, wherein the valve assembly comprises a switching valve adapted to be switched over between a basic position and a switching position in dependence on the load pressure at the working cylinder in order to tap the supply pressure from a low-pressure source or from a high-pressure source.
摘要:
A method sets up a device for image reproduction on printing plates. The fastening of image reproduction members, their orientation and tolerances, and also tolerances in the positioning of the image reproduction members on a guide or a spindle, lead to mis-positions of the image reproduction members in relation to one another. Offsets of two adjacent image parts may occur. In the method, the printing plate has reproduced on it in the X-direction at least one first pattern which overlaps with the first pattern of an adjacent image reproduction member and/or the printing plate, in each case with a right and a left column, has reproduced on it in the Y-direction in each case at least three spaced-apart second patterns, such that in each case the right column of an image part is at least contiguous to the left column of an adjacent image part.
摘要:
A method and apparatus serve to determine spectroscopically a concentration of ethanol in a test sample of an alcoholic aqueous beverage. The determination is based upon providing calibration data which establish a relation between (A) a plurality of transmission values of an electromagnetic radiation in the near infrared region, measured at a unique wavelength at which water is relatively opaque to the radiation while ethanol is relatively transparent thereto, of a plurality of calibration samples of the beverage containing ethanol in differing known concentrations, and (B) the known concentrations of ethanol in the calibration samples. Then, at least one light transmission value of the test sample at the unique wavelength, at which said calibration data were established, is measured. The measured transmission value of the test sample is transformed, by way of the relation established by the calibration data, into an indication of the concentration of ethanol in the test sample.
摘要:
The application relates to a novel process for bleaching alkyl polyglycosides having C.sub.8 - to C.sub.20 -alkyl groups in aqueous solution using peroxy compounds. The bleaching is carried out in a tubular reactor.
摘要:
In a process for preparing alkyl glycosides having C.sub.8 to C.sub.20 alkyl radicals by glycosidation and transglycosidation or by direct glycosidation, a saccharide syrup having a dextrose equivalent of 90 to 95 is used as starting material. Products having a very low mean degree of glycosidation are achieved by filtering off oligosaccharide during the reaction and/or afterwards.