METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLED PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN USING ALUMINUM-BASED WATER-SPLIT REACTIONS
    41.
    发明申请
    METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLED PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN USING ALUMINUM-BASED WATER-SPLIT REACTIONS 有权
    使用基于铝的水分离反应控制氢的生产方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US20120225010A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-09-06

    申请号:US13261237

    申请日:2010-04-15

    IPC分类号: C01B3/08 B01J7/00

    CPC分类号: C01B3/08 Y02E60/324 Y02E60/36

    摘要: A method and apparatus for producing hydrogen using an aluminum-based water-split reaction, in which water is reacted with metallic aluminum, at least one-soluble inorganic salt catalyst that causes progressive pitting of the metallic aluminum, and at least one metal oxide initiator that increases temperature upon exposure to water. The solid reactant materials are differentially distributed in a matrix relative to at least one inlet for introducing water to the matrix. The differential distribution affects at least one characteristic of the reaction, such as the rate, temperature, pressure and products of the reaction, the latter comprising one or more of hydrogen, heat and steam. The water-soluble inorganic salt catalyst may be sodium chloride, potassium chloride and combinations thereof, and the metal oxide initiator may be magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and combinations thereof. The solid reactant materials may be differentially distributed by concentrating at least one of the solid reactant materials in at least one area of the matrix relative to the inlet. One or more of the solid reactant materials may be concentrated proximate the inlet so as to achieve a rapid initial reaction upon introduction of water, or may be concentrated in defined packets at spaced apart locations within the matrix to achieve a more moderated action. The solid reactant materials may be positioned in layers arranged concentrically or spirally about the water inlet. The layers may be formed of a water permeable substrate, such as a fiber wool or mat material having the reactant materials deposited thereon. The substrate including the reactant materials may be stored in a disposable container, to which water is introduced via the inlet at the time of use.

    摘要翻译: 一种使用水与金属铝反应的铝基水分解反应生成氢的方法和装置,至少一种可溶性无机盐催化剂,其引起金属铝的逐渐点蚀,以及至少一种金属氧化物引发剂 在暴露于水时会增加温度。 固体反应物材料相对于至少一个用于将水引入基质的入口在基质中差异分布。 差异分布影响反应的至少一个特征,例如反应的速率,温度,压力和产物,后者包括氢,热和蒸汽中的一种或多种。 水溶性无机盐催化剂可以是氯化钠,氯化钾及其组合,金属氧化物引发剂可以是氧化镁,氧化钙及其组合。 通过将至少一种固体反应物材料集中在基质的至少一个区域中,固体反应物材料可以差异地分布。 固体反应物材料中的一种或多种可以在入口附近集中,以便在引入水时实现快速的初始反应,或者可以在矩阵内的间隔开的位置处集中在限定的分组中以实现更加缓和的作用。 固体反应物料可以定位成围绕进水口同心或螺旋地排列。 这些层可以由水可渗透的基材形成,例如其上沉积有反应物材料的纤维棉或垫材料。 包括反应物料的基材可以储存在一次性容器中,在使用时通过入口引入水。

    Upgrading waste heat with heat pumps for thermochemical hydrogen production
    42.
    发明授权
    Upgrading waste heat with heat pumps for thermochemical hydrogen production 有权
    用热泵对热化学氢生产进行废热升级

    公开(公告)号:US08173005B2

    公开(公告)日:2012-05-08

    申请号:US12184423

    申请日:2008-08-01

    IPC分类号: C01B3/02 C25B1/02

    摘要: This invention relates to hydrogen production using combined heat pumps and a thermochemical cycle. Low grade waste heat can be upgraded to higher temperatures via salt/ammonia and/or MgO/vapor chemical heat pumps, which release heat at successively higher temperatures through exothermic reactions, or vapor compression heat pumps that upgrade thermal energy with phase change fluids. Using this new approach, low grade heat or waste heat from nuclear or other industrial sources can be transformed to a useful energy supply for thermochemical hydrogen production.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及使用组合热泵和热化学循环的氢气生产。 通过盐/氨和/或MgO /蒸汽化学热泵可以将低等级的余热升级到更高的温度,这些热泵通过放热反应在连续更高的温度下释放热量,或者通过相变流体升级热能的蒸气压缩热泵。 使用这种新方法,来自核或其他工业来源的低等级的热或废热可以转化为用于热化学氢生产的有用的能量供应。

    POWER GENERATION FROM SOLID ALUMINUM
    43.
    发明申请
    POWER GENERATION FROM SOLID ALUMINUM 审中-公开
    从固体铝发电

    公开(公告)号:US20120085021A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-04-12

    申请号:US13311674

    申请日:2011-12-06

    IPC分类号: C10L5/40

    摘要: A fuel for splitting water into hydrogen and an oxide component comprises a substantially solid pellet formed from a solid-like mixture of a solid-state source material capable of oxidizing in water to form hydrogen and a passivation surface layer of the oxide component, and a passivation preventing agent that is substantially inert to water in an effective amount to prevent passivation of the solid-state material during oxidation. The pellets are brought into contact with an alloy of the passivation preventing agent having a melting point temperature below that of the solid-like mixture to initiate the hydrogen-producing reaction at a lower temperature.

    摘要翻译: 用于将水分解成氢气和氧化物组分的燃料包括由能够在水中氧化形成氢气的固态源材料的固体状混合物形成的基本上固体的颗粒和氧化物组分的钝化表面层, 钝化防止剂,其在有效量下对水基本上是惰性的,以防止在氧化过程中固态材料的钝化。 使颗粒与熔点温度低于固体混合物的钝化防止剂的合金接触,以在较低温度下引发产氢反应。

    Fuel source for electrochemical cell
    44.
    发明授权
    Fuel source for electrochemical cell 有权
    电化学电池的燃料源

    公开(公告)号:US08152871B2

    公开(公告)日:2012-04-10

    申请号:US12194430

    申请日:2008-08-19

    申请人: Stuart M. Davis

    发明人: Stuart M. Davis

    IPC分类号: C10L1/12

    摘要: Embodiments of the invention relate to a fuel source including a chemical hydride and at least one reactive metal source selected from the group consisting of a reactive metal, a reactive metalloid and a combination thereof.

    摘要翻译: 本发明的实施方案涉及包括化学氢化物和选自反应性金属,活性准金属及其组合的至少一种活性金属源的燃料源。

    Power generation from solid aluminum
    45.
    发明授权
    Power generation from solid aluminum 有权
    固体铝发电

    公开(公告)号:US07938879B2

    公开(公告)日:2011-05-10

    申请号:US11747706

    申请日:2007-05-11

    IPC分类号: C22B11/10

    摘要: A fuel for splitting water into hydrogen and an oxide component comprises a substantially solid pellet formed from a solid-like mixture of a solid-state source material capable of oxidizing in water to form hydrogen and a passivation surface layer of the oxide component, and a passivation preventing agent that is substantially inert to water in an effective amount to prevent passivation of the solid-state material during oxidation. The pellets may be introduced into water or other suitable oxidizer in a controlled rate to control the rate of reaction of the source material with the oxidizer, and thereby control the rate of formation of hydrogen. Methods are described for producing the solid-like mixture in varying weight percent of source material to passivation preventing agent.

    摘要翻译: 用于将水分解成氢气和氧化物组分的燃料包括由能够在水中氧化形成氢气的固态源材料的固体状混合物形成的基本上固体的颗粒和氧化物组分的钝化表面层, 钝化防止剂,其在有效量下对水基本上是惰性的,以防止在氧化过程中固态材料的钝化。 颗粒可以以受控的速率引入水或其它合适的氧化剂中以控制源材料与氧化剂的反应速率,从而控制氢的形成速率。 描述了用于以不同重量百分比的源材料生成固体状混合物以防止钝化剂的方法。

    GENERATION OF HYDROGEN ON DEMAND
    46.
    发明申请
    GENERATION OF HYDROGEN ON DEMAND 审中-公开
    氢的产生需求

    公开(公告)号:US20110094894A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-04-28

    申请号:US12606158

    申请日:2009-10-26

    申请人: Dennis B. Mason

    发明人: Dennis B. Mason

    摘要: The methods and systems for producing hydrogen on demand use aluminum, a heat source and an electrical source, such as, but not limited to, solar power. The heat source and electrical source is used to produce chemical intermediates from sodium chloride via electrolysis. The chemical intermediates from the sodium chloride may be reacted with aluminum to produce hydrogen. The on-demand hydrogen systems can generate a continuous stream of hydrogen that can power a home or business. Alternatively, or in addition, the on-demand hydrogen system can be incorporated into a vehicle to power the vehicle.

    摘要翻译: 用于生产氢的方法和系统需要使用铝,热源和电源,例如但不限于太阳能发电。 热源和电源用于通过电解从氯化钠生产化学中间体。 来自氯化钠的化学中间体可以与铝反应生成氢。 按需氢系统可以产生连续的氢气流,可以为家庭或企业供电。 或者或另外,可以将按需氢系统并入车辆以为车辆供电。

    Method for producing hydrogen by using different metals
    48.
    发明授权
    Method for producing hydrogen by using different metals 有权
    通过使用不同金属生产氢的方法

    公开(公告)号:US07704484B2

    公开(公告)日:2010-04-27

    申请号:US12003688

    申请日:2007-12-31

    摘要: A method for producing hydrogen by using different metals includes: providing a metal of lower reduction potential as an anode metal and a metal of higher reduction potential as a cathode metal, then immerse the anode metal and the cathode metal in an electrolyte, while the anode metal and the cathode metal can be combined with appropriate steps before or after being immersed in the electrolyte, whereby hydrogen and side-products generated from a reaction of electrochemistry caused by reduction potential difference between the different metals, that is, the method for producing hydrogen is through spontaneous chemical reaction without extra energy consumption.

    摘要翻译: 通过使用不同的金属制造氢的方法包括:提供作为阳极金属的较低还原电位的金属和作为阴极金属的较高还原电位的金属,然后将阳极金属和阴极金属浸入电解质中,同时阳极 金属和阴极金属可以在浸入电解质之前或之后与合适的步骤组合,由此由不同金属之间的还原电位差引起的电化学反应产生的氢和副产物,即生产氢的方法 是通过自发化学反应而没有额外的能量消耗。

    COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE DISPLACEMENT OF HYDROGEN FROM WATER UNDER STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS AND A HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USING THE HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM
    49.
    发明申请
    COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE DISPLACEMENT OF HYDROGEN FROM WATER UNDER STANDARD TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS AND A HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM AND METHODS OF USING THE HYDROGEN FUEL SYSTEM 审中-公开
    在标准温度和压力条件下的氢排放氢化氢燃料系统的组成和方法以及使用氢燃料系统的方法

    公开(公告)号:US20100080755A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-04-01

    申请号:US12571042

    申请日:2009-09-30

    IPC分类号: C01B3/10 C09K3/00 C01B3/08

    CPC分类号: C01B3/08 Y02E60/36

    摘要: The present invention relates to the production of hydrogen gas. More particularly, the present invention relates to: (1) a composition and process for the displacement of hydrogen from water under standard temperature and pressure conditions; (2) a hydrogen fuel system; (3) a method for using the hydrogen fuel system in conjunction with a feedstock composition to produce hydrogen gas (e.g., onboard a vehicle); and (4) a method of using the hydrogen fuel system at a reduced cost (e.g., by providing a consumer rebate in exchange for the return of byproduct(s) collected after using the hydrogen fuel system). The composition (e.g., a feedstock composition) comprises finely divided metal powders (e.g., magnesium, or magnesium and aluminum) and can also contain a chloride salt (e.g., sodium chloride or potassium chloride). The process of the present invention comprises adding a composition of the present invention to water (either water that already contains chloride ions—such as seawater—or, alternatively, with compositions that contain a chloride salt, either fresh water or seawater), at standard temperature and pressure conditions, in order to create hydrogen gas from the displacement of hydrogen from the water The methods of the present invention also comprises contacting the feedstock composition of the present invention with water (either water that already contains chloride ions—such as seawater—or, alternatively, with compositions that contain a chloride salt, either fresh water or seawater), at standard temperature and pressure conditions, in order to create hydrogen gas from the displacement of hydrogen from the water.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及氢气的制备。 更具体地,本发明涉及:(1)在标准温度和压力条件下从水中排出氢的组合物和方法; (2)氢燃料系统; (3)将氢燃料系统与原料组合物结合使用以产生氢气(例如在车辆上)的方法; 和(4)以较低的成本使用氢燃料系统的方法(例如,通过提供消费者回扣以换取在使用氢燃料系统之后收集的副产物的返回)。 组合物(例如,原料组合物)包含细碎的金属粉末(例如镁或镁和铝),并且还可以含有氯化物盐(例如氯化钠或氯化钾)。 本发明的方法包括将标准的本发明组合物加入到水中(已经包含氯离子的水,例如海水,或者替代地,含有氯化物盐,淡水或海水的组合物) 温度和压力条件下,以从氢中从水中移出产生氢气本发明的方法还包括将本发明的原料组合物与水(或已经含有氯离子的水 - 例如海水 - 或者替代地,在标准温度和压力条件下,使用含有氯化物盐,淡水或海水的组合物,以便从氢从水中移位而产生氢气。

    JACKETED ULTRASOUND SYSTEM
    50.
    发明申请
    JACKETED ULTRASOUND SYSTEM 有权
    夹套超声波系统

    公开(公告)号:US20100032283A1

    公开(公告)日:2010-02-11

    申请号:US12536318

    申请日:2009-08-05

    IPC分类号: B01J19/10 B06B1/00 G01N33/00

    摘要: An ultrasound system is disclosed that includes a tub, a reaction chamber, an ultrasound probe positioned within the reaction chamber, and a cooling jacket surrounding the tub for exchanging heat with the tub.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种超声波系统,其包括桶,反应室,位于反应室内的超声探头以及围绕桶的冷却套,用于与桶交换热量。