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公开(公告)号：US06713668B2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-30
申请号：US10152845
申请日：2002-05-23
Applicant: Norio Akamatsu
Inventor： Norio Akamatsu
IPC: H02N300
Abstract: A solar energy converter includes: a light-concentrating instrument; an electron emitter in an insulated vacuum vessel, emitting electrons in a vacuum as a temperature rises by sunlight; an electron accelerator within the light-concentrating instrument; a cathode on a surface of the electron emitter opposite to a surface which is irradiated by sunlight, and electrically connected with the electron emitter; an electric field supplier having a positive terminal and a negative terminal; and an electron collector in the vacuum vessel, collecting the emitted electrons flying from the electron emitter toward the electron accelerator; wherein the electron accelerator is connected with the positive terminal and the cathode is connected with the negative terminal to generate an electric field, and the electron collector is used as a negative generator electrode and the cathode is used as a positive generator electrode in which the collected electrons migrate to the electron emitter to generate electricity.
Abstract translation: 一种太阳能转换器包括：一种集光装置; 在绝缘真空容器中的电子发射器，当阳光随着温度升高时在真空中发射电子; 光浓缩仪器内的电子加速器; 在与太阳光照射的表面相反的电子发射体的表面上的阴极，与电子发射体电连接; 具有正端子和负端子的电场供应器; 和真空容器中的电子收集器，将从电子发射器飞出的发射电子收集到电子加速器; 其中电子加速器与正极端子连接，阴极与负极端子连接以产生电场，并且电子收集器用作负极发电机电极，并且阴极用作正发电机电极，其中收集 电子迁移到电子发射器发电。
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公开(公告)号：US20040050415A1
公开(公告)日：2004-03-18
申请号：US10243455
申请日：2002-09-13
Applicant: Eneco Inc.
Inventor： Yan R. Kucherov , Peter L. Hagelstein
IPC: H01L031/00
Abstract: Tunneling-effect converters of thermal energy to electricity with an emitter and a collector separated from each other by a distance that is comparable to atomic dimensions and where tunneling effect plays an important role in the charge movement from the emitter to the collector across the gap separating such emitter and collector. At least one of the emitter and collector structures includes a flexible structure. Tunneling-effect converters include devices that convert thermal energy to electrical energy and devices that provide refrigeration when electric power is supplied to such devices.
Abstract translation: 隧道效应转换器的热能与发射极和集电极相互隔开一定距离，与原子尺寸相当，并且其中隧道效应在从发射极到集电极的电荷运动在间隙分离中起重要作用 这种发射极和集电极。 发射极和集电极结构中的至少一个包括柔性结构。 隧道效应转换器包括将热能转换成电能的装置以及当向这种装置供电时提供制冷的装置。
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公开(公告)号：US06651760B2
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09828646
申请日：2001-04-05
Applicant: Isaiah Watas Cox , John Eric Reaves
Inventor： Isaiah Watas Cox , John Eric Reaves
IPC: B60K2500
CPC classification number: B60L11/18 , B60L11/00 , B60L11/002 , B60L2200/26 , B60L2260/162 , H01J45/00 , Y02T10/7005
Abstract: A combustion chamber-thermionic device-electric motor is provided in an automobile. The combustion chamber of the present invention provides a heat output which is transformed to electricity by the thermionic device and a motor converts the electrical energy to motive power for the wheels.
Abstract translation: 在汽车中设置燃烧室 - 热离子装置 - 电动机。 本发明的燃烧室提供热输出，其通过热离子装置转换为电，并且电动机将电能转换为用于车轮的动力。
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公开(公告)号：US20030152184A1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-14
申请号：US10336689
申请日：2003-01-06
Inventor： Stephen H. Shehane , Rick Bernard Spielman , Jean-Francais P. Leon , Mike Fraim
IPC: G21B001/00 , G21J001/00
Abstract: A reactor and method is disclosed that creates a stabilized, heated plasma and generates a large amount of thermal energy. The initial plasma may be created by heating, either through combustion reactions and/or external heating mechanism, a fuel which is a source of hydrogen ions and air (or oxygen) inside the reactor chamber, and then locally ionizing the hot matter with an external source of radiation, such as a laser and/or an electrical discharge and/or microwave discharge. A gas vortex around the plasma mass may be maintained to control the plasma mass, shape, and location. When the reaction is performed in the presence of certain mid-Z elements, such as lithium, beryllium, boron, nitrogen, or fluorine, the reactor is observed to generate a steady-state energy output up to and greater than 100 k W providing an energy output at least a factor of about 1 and typically a factor of about 10 or greater than the energy input into the reactor that would be caused by conventional combustion of the fuels including the energy input from the external source of radiation.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种产生稳定的加热等离子体并产生大量热能的反应器和方法。 初始等离子体可以通过加热，通过燃烧反应和/或外部加热机制，作为氢离子源和空气（或氧气）的反应室内的燃料，然后局部电离热物质与外部 辐射源，例如激光和/或放电和/或微波放电。 可以维持等离子体质量周围的气体涡流以控制等离子体质量，形状和位置。 当反应在某些中Z族元素（例如锂，铍，硼，氮或氟）存在下进行时，观察反应器产生高达和大于100kW的稳态能量输出，从而提供 能量输出至少约为1，并且通常为由燃料的常规燃烧（包括从外部辐射源输入的能量）引起的输入到反应器中的能量的约10或更大的系数。
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公开(公告)号：US20030042819A1
公开(公告)日：2003-03-06
申请号：US10232436
申请日：2002-08-28
Inventor： Artemy Martinovsky , Avto Tavkhelidze , Isaiah Watas Cox
IPC: H02N010/00
CPC classification number: H01J45/00
Abstract: A thermotunneling converter is disclosed comprising a pair of electrodes having inner surfaces substantially facing one another, and a spacer or plurality of spacers positioned between the two electrodes, having a height substantially equal to the distance between the electrodes, and having a total cross-sectional area that is less than the cross-sectional area of either of the electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, a vacuum is introduced, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, gold that has been exposed to cesium vapor is used as one or both of the electrodes. In a further embodiment, the spacer is made of small particles disposed between the electrodes. In a yet further embodiment, a sandwich is made containing the electrodes with an unoxidized spacer. The sandwich is separated and the spacer is oxidized, which makes it grow to a required height whilst giving it insulatory properties, to allow for tunneling between the electrodes.
Abstract translation: 公开了一种热电转换转换器，其包括一对电极，其具有基本上彼此相对的内表面，以及位于两个电极之间的间隔件或多个间隔件，其高度基本上等于电极之间的距离，并且具有总横截面 面积小于任一电极的横截面面积。 在优选实施例中，引入真空，并且在特别优选的实施例中，已经暴露于铯蒸气的金被用作电极中的一个或两个。 在另一实施例中，间隔件由设置在电极之间的小颗粒制成。 在另一个实施方案中，制成了包含具有未氧化间隔物的电极的夹心物。 三明治被分离并且间隔物被氧化，这使得其生长到所需的高度，同时赋予其绝缘性能，以允许电极之间的隧穿。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US06489704B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-03
申请号：US09519640
申请日：2000-03-06
Applicant: Yan R. Kucherov , Peter L. Hagelstein
Inventor： Yan R. Kucherov , Peter L. Hagelstein
IPC: H02N300
CPC classification number: H02N3/00 , H01J45/00 , H01L35/30 , Y10S977/833
Abstract: The present invention embodies a solid state thermionic energy converter and is directed to a method and apparatus for conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy, and electrical energy to refrigeration. The present invention maintains a thermal separation between an emitter and a collector through a fractional surface contact of decreasing cross-sectional area towards the point of contact. The fractional surface contacts may be associated with the emitter, a barrier, or the collector. Maintaining a thermal separation between the emitter and the collector provides for ballistic electron transport through the barrier and reduces the transport of electrons through thermal conductivity. Hence, the efficiency is increased through the collection of ballistic electrons and the reduction of thermal conductivity electrons which cannot be collected. The inventive principle works for hole conductivity, as well as for electrons. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.
Abstract translation: 本发明体现了固态热电子能量转换器，并且涉及用于将热能转换成电能，并将电能转换成制冷的方法和装置。 本发明通过减小横截面积朝向接触点的分数面接触来保持发射器和集电器之间的热分离。 分数表面接触可以与发射体，屏障或收集器相关联。 保持发射极和集电极之间的热分离，提供通过势垒的弹道电子传输，并减少电子传导通过热导率。 因此，通过收集弹道电子和减少不能收集的热导率电子来提高效率。 本发明的原理适用于空穴导电性以及电子。 要强调的是，该摘要被提供以符合要求摘要的规则，这将允许搜索者或其他读者快速确定技术公开的主题。 提交它的理解是，它不会用于解释或限制权利要求的范围或含义。
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公开(公告)号：US20020157701A1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-31
申请号：US09959972
申请日：2001-11-14
Inventor： Norio Akamatsu
IPC: H02N006/00 , H01L031/00
Abstract: The solar energy converter comprises an electron emitter and an electron collector. They are provided separate from each other in a vacuum vessel. Solar energy in a wide range of sunlight spectrum can be efficiently converted into electric energy by moving electrons from the electron emitter to the electron collector.
Abstract translation: 太阳能转换器包括电子发射体和电子收集器。 它们在真空容器中彼此分开设置。 通过将电子从电子发射器移动到电子收集器，可以将广泛的太阳光谱中的太阳能转换成电能。
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公开(公告)号：US5994638A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-30
申请号：US790753
申请日：1997-01-27
Applicant: Jonathan Sidney Edelson
Inventor： Jonathan Sidney Edelson
Abstract: An improved thermionic generator constructed using microenginerring techniques is described. This device is easy to construct in large numbers, efficient, and inexpensive. A preferred embodiment uses micromachined silicon to produce a thermionic converter cell. These may be joined together in large arrays to form a thermionic generator.
Abstract translation: 描述了使用微加工技术构造的改进的热电子发生器。 该设备易于构建，数量大，高效，价格低廉。 优选的实施例使用微机加工的硅来产生热离子转换器单元。 这些可以以大的阵列连接在一起以形成热电子发生器。
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公开(公告)号：US5459367A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-17
申请号：US351634
申请日：1994-12-07
Applicant: Edwin D. Davis
Inventor： Edwin D. Davis
CPC classification number: H01J45/00
Abstract: A collector element for a thermionic electric converter that reduces electron scatter and improves conversion efficiency is provided. The collector element includes an outer casing and a highly charged member surrounded by insulating layers that minimize loss of static charge on the highly charged member. The collector element additionally includes a conductive layer of copper sulfate gel impregnated with copper wool fibers. Copper sulfate gel minimizes electron scatter, while providing advantageous electrical properties. The copper wool fibers are in electrical contact with a plurality of ancillary buses which transmit electrical energy to a main bus that provides the electrical energy collected to an external circuit. The main bus is also in electrical contact with the conductive layer.
Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于减少电子散射并提高转换效率的热离子电转换器的集电极元件。 收集器元件包括外壳和被绝缘层包围的高度充电的构件，其使高度充电的构件上的静电荷的损失最小化。 集电器元件还包括浸渍有铜羊毛纤维的硫酸铜凝胶导电层。 硫酸铜凝胶使电子散射最小化，同时提供有利的电性能。 铜羊毛纤维与多个辅助总线电接触，这些辅助总线将电能传送到主总线，该主总线将收集的电能提供给外部电路。 主母线也与导电层电接触。
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公开(公告)号：US4373142A
公开(公告)日：1983-02-08
申请号：US235797
申请日：1981-02-19
Applicant: James F. Morris
Inventor： James F. Morris
IPC: H01J45/00
CPC classification number: H01J45/00
Abstract: This invention is concerned with improving the efficiency of thermionic energy converters. The invention is particularly directed to the reduction of plasma losses in these converters.This beneficial technical effect is achieved by internal distribution of tiny shorted cesium diodes driven by the thermal gradient between the primary emitter (10) and the collector (12). Specifically, the tiny, shorted diode distribution (14) comprises protrusions of the emitter material (16) from the main emitter face (18) which contact the main collector face (22) thermally but not electrically. The main collector ends (20) of the protrusions are separated from the main collector by a thin layer of insulation (24), such as aluminum oxide.The diode effect will increase with the use of metals that adsorb cesium less readily for the main emitter ends of the tiny protrusions and metals that adsorb cesium more readily for the main collector ends of the protrusions. By way of example, the main emitter can be made of rhenium or irridium; the main emitter ends of the protrusions can be made of tantalum or niobium; and the main collector ends of the protrusions can be made of platinum or irridium.The shorted tiny diode distribution augments cesium ionization through internal thermal effects only within the main diode. No electrical inputs are required. This ionization enhancement by the distribution of the tiny shorted diodes not only reduces the plasma voltage drop but also increases the power output and efficiency of the overall thermionic energy converter.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及提高热电能转换器的效率。 本发明特别涉及这些转换器中的等离子体损耗的降低。 这种有益的技术效果是通过由主发射极（10）和集电极（12）之间的热梯度驱动的微小短路铯二极管的内部分布来实现的。 具体地，微小的短路二极管分布（14）包括来自主发射极面（18）的发射极材料（16）的突起，其主要接触主集电极面（22）而不是电接触。 突起的主要收集端（20）通过绝缘层（24）例如氧化铝与主集电体分离。 二极管效应将随着对突出物的主要收集端更容易吸附铯的微小突起和金属的主要发射端的使用而容易地吸附铯而增加。 举例来说，主发射体可由铼或铱制成; 突起的主发射极端可以由钽或铌制成; 并且突起的主要收集端可由铂或铱制成。 短路的二极管分布仅通过主二极管内部的热效应来增加铯离子化。 不需要电气输入。 通过微小短路二极管分布的这种电离增强不仅降低了等离子体电压降，而且增加了整个热电子能量转换器的功率输出和效率。
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