Abstract:
An image forming apparatus, wherein the following formulae are satisfied: 0.22 ≤ ( M / S ) L ≤ 0.4 , ( Q M ) L = Vc ( Lt 2 ɛ 0 ɛ t + Ld ɛ 0 ɛ d ) × ( M S ) L ( Dt max - Dt 0.1 ) { λ × ( M S ) L - 0.1 } ( Lt 2 ɛ 0 ɛ t + Ld ɛ 0 ɛ d ) × ( M S ) L 500 ≤ αβ ≤ ( Dt max - Dt 0.1 ) { λ × ( M S ) L - 0.1 } ( Lt 2 ɛ 0 ɛ t + Ld ɛ 0 ɛ d ) × ( M S ) L 150 αβ ≥ ( Dt max - Dt 0.1 ) { λ × ( M S ) L - 0.1 } 150 where (M/S)L: a toner bearing amount in a maximum density image portion of a photosensitive drum, (Q/M)L: an average charge amount of the toner in the maximum density portion, Vc: an absolute value of a potential difference between a DC-component of a developing bias and the maximum density portion, Lt: a toner layer thickness of the maximum density portion, Ld: a drum thickness, εt: a relative permittivity of the toner layer, εd: a relative permittivity of the drum, ε0: a vacuum permittivity, Dtmax: a transmission density in a maximum density image portion on the paper after fixation, Dt0.1: a transmission density in an image on the paper when the toner bearing amount on the paper after fixation is 0.1 mg/cm2, and λ: a transfer efficiency of the toner, α = ( Dt max - Dt 0.1 ) { λ × ( M S ) L - 0.1 } , and β = 1 / ( Q / M ) L .
Abstract:
A film thickness measuring device is provided with a light source, a spectroscopic sensor, a processor, and a storage unit, and configured in such a manner that light from the light source vertically enters a plane to be measured provided with a film and the light reflected by the plane to be measured enters the spectroscopic sensor. The storage unit stores theoretical values of reflectivity distributions of respective film thicknesses and theoretical values of color characteristic variables of the respective film thicknesses. The processor finds the thickness of the film of the plane to be measured from the reflectivity distribution measured by the spectroscopic sensor by using the theoretical values of the reflectivity distributions of the respective film thicknesses or the theoretical values of the color characteristic variables of the respective film thicknesses stored in the storage unit.
Abstract:
A main swirler of a triple annular configuration that is partitioned by a pre-filmer and a separator is installed in an inlet port of a main air flow channel. The vicinity of the inner wall of the main air flow channel provided with a main fuel injection port is bulged radially outward from the innermost surface (innermost surface of a small swirler) of a main swirler. Further, a distance from the main fuel injection port and the pre-filmer is set such that an effective opening area between the pre-filmer and “the inner wall of the main air flow channel provided with the main fuel injection port” is equal to an effective opening area of the small swirler. The swirling directions of the swirlers of the main swirler are “clockwise”-“counter-clockwise”-“clockwise” respectively along the radial outward direction when the swirling direction of the innermost swirler is taken as “clockwise”.
Abstract:
An electric power steering apparatus including a steering system into which steering torque is inputted, an electric motor for imparting steering assist force to the steering system, a controller for controlling a energizing state of the electric motor according to the steering torque, a terminal board electrically connected to the electric motor, and a control unit provided with a connector, wherein a mounting face of the electric motor with respect to the control unit, a mounting face of the terminal board with respect to the control unit, and a mounting face of the connector with respect to the control unit are arranged on a same plane.
Abstract:
An approach controller (234) of a coordinate measuring instrument enables a position control loop (RP) and drives an actuator (133) so that a force sensor (1) is brought to a close position under a position control. When recognizing that the force sensor (1) reaches the close position, a contact controller (235) controls a switch (227) to enable a force control loop (RF) and drives the actuator (133) to bring the force sensor (1) into contact with a workpiece under a force control.
Abstract:
A duty ratio Du (%), denoted by (T2/(T1+T2))×100, is in the range of 60≦Du≦80; a magnetic carrier has a resistivity ρ which decreases in accordance with an increasing electric field strength, and a relative dielectric constant ∈ which increases in accordance with an increasing electric field strength; a product of a time constant ∈0∈ρ(s) of electric charge decay in an electric field strength E2D decided by a second peak voltage V2 and a dark potential VD, and an electric field strength E2D satisfies a relation of 20≦∈0∈ρ E2D (s·V/cm); and a time constant ∈0∈ρ(s) and a relative dielectric constant ∈ in an electric field strength E1L, which is decided by a first peak voltage V1 and a bright potential VL, satisfy the following relations: ∈0∈ρ(s)≦6.0×10−4, and 30≦∈.
Abstract:
A two-component developer containing a magenta toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein the magenta toner has the characteristics: (i) when the concentration of the magenta toner in a solution of the magenta toner in chloroform is represented by Cm (mg/ml) and the absorbance of the solution at a wavelength of 538 nm is represented by A538, a relationship between Cm and A538 satisfies the relationship of 2.00
Abstract:
A liquid crystal display device (100) includes mean value computing sections (9a, 9b) and an optical intensity regulation section (11). The mean value computing section (9a) outputs a mean luminance level (A1) for the pixels forming an image display produced in a driver seat display area (2). The mean value computing section (9b) outputs a mean luminance level (A2) for the pixels forming an image display produced in a front passenger seat display area (3). The optical intensity regulation section (11) controls (regulates) the output optical intensity of backlights (4a, 4b) according to the mean luminance level (A1) and the mean luminance level (A2). As a result, the luminance of the image display in the front passenger seat display area (3) is further limited than the luminance of the image display in the driver seat display area (2). The control ensures high visibility of image displays for the driver.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an extremely useful and novel β-galactoside-α2,6-sialyltransferase having an optimum reaction pH in a neutral to alkaline range, and a nucleic acid encoding the sialyltransferase. The present invention further provides a vector carrying a nucleic acid encoding the sialyltransferase, and a host cell transformed with the vector, as well as a method for producing a recombinant β-galactoside-α2,6-sialyltransferase.
Abstract:
The object of the invention is to provide a lightweight mechanism that changes the distribution of a flow rate of air for combustion supplied into each burner, without providing a mechanical movable part in a passage for high-temperature and high-pressure air for combustion in a combustor having a plurality of burners such as a pilot burner and a main burner. The combustor equipped with an air flow rate distribution control mechanism based on a fluidic element in accordance with the present invention has a plurality of burners such as a main burner and a pilot burner, wherein with the fluidic element being disposed upstream of a passage of air for combustion that is supplied to each burner, and means for sucking out or blowing out air into a control air passage of the fluidic element being provided, the distribution of a flow rate of the air flowing into the burners is controlled by changing a flow direction of the air for combustion.