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公开(公告)号：US5277067A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-11
申请号：US940346
申请日：1992-09-03
Applicant: Christopher E. Holland , Peter J. Hesketh
Inventor： Christopher E. Holland , Peter J. Hesketh
IPC: A61B5/00 , A61B5/103 , A61B5/117 , G01B7/00 , G01D5/14 , G01L1/00 , G01L9/00 , G01L11/00 , G01L21/30 , G10L7/08 , G10L9/00
CPC classification number: G06K9/00013 , A61B5/1036 , A61B5/1172 , G01L1/005 , G01L11/00
Abstract: An improved pressure sensor element and pressure sensor array is formed by a cathode layer, a cathode tip attached to the cathode layer, and an anode layer opposing the cathode layer. The magnitude of the electron current flowing between the cathode tip and the anode layer is dependant on the field strength at the cathode tip, which is dependant on the separation between the cathode tip and the anode layer. As a deflectable anode layer is deflected towards the cathode tip, the field strength increases, causing a corresponding change in the magnitude of the flow of electrons. The cathode tip is separated from the anode layer such that electron current is produced at relatively low voltages by tunneling or field emission. The exact method of current production is selected by controlling the initial separation between the anode layer and the cathode tip. Pressure sensor elements are produced using a series of fabrication processes including forming a hole in an insulating layer deposited on the cathode layer, depositing a cathode having a cathode tip into the hole thus formed, and bonding the anode layer onto the insulating layer, thereby forming a pressure sensor element. A plurality of pressure sensor elements are fabricated into pressure sensor arrays by this method. Pressure sensor elements or pressure sensor arrays are thus produced at low cost.
Abstract translation: 改进的压力传感器元件和压力传感器阵列由阴极层，连接到阴极层的阴极尖端和与阴极层相对的阳极层形成。 在阴极尖端和阳极层之间流动的电子电流的大小取决于阴极尖端处的场强，这取决于阴极尖端和阳极层之间的间隔。 当可偏转阳极层朝向阴极尖端偏转时，场强增加，导致电子流量的相应变化。 阴极尖端与阳极层分离，使得通过隧道或场发射在相对较低的电压下产生电子电流。 通过控制阳极层和阴极尖端之间的初始分离来选择当前生产的确切方法。 使用一系列制造工艺制造压力传感器元件，包括在沉积在阴极层上的绝缘层中形成孔，将具有阴极尖端的阴极沉积到如此形成的孔中，并将阳极层接合到绝缘层上，从而形成 压力传感器元件。 通过这种方法将多个压力传感器元件制成压力传感器阵列。 因此以低成本生产压力传感器元件或压力传感器阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US5125408A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-30
申请号：US769418
申请日：1991-09-19
Applicant: Peter J. Basser
Inventor： Peter J. Basser
IPC: A61B5/03 , G01L1/00 , G01R33/28 , G01R33/465
CPC classification number: G01R33/28 , A61B5/03 , G01L1/005 , G01R33/465
Abstract: A biological implantable pressure sensor element comprises a fixed volume pouch formed by a sealed, flexible, impermeable membrane comprising therewithin a gel mass contained in a gel volume, said gel being hydrated with an aqueous solution comprising an agent having at least a first and a second NMR-detectable form, the proportion of the first to the second form of the agent in the gel volume being determined by their electrolytic interaction with the gel, whereby when an external pressure is applied to the sensor element a d (chemical shift)/d(.sigma./K) greater than 0.0001 ppm is attained, wherein .sigma. is the external pressure and K is the modulus of the gel. A kit contains sterile, individually wrapped sensor elements.A method of measuring in vivo contact stress applied to an implanted pressure sensor element, comprises implanting the pressure sensor of the invention into a situs of a subject in need of such measurement, non-invasively subjecting the subject situs to a nuclear magnetic resonance source effective to detect said NMR-detectible agent, obtaining the NMR spectrum of said agent, obtaining the chemical shifts from the spectrum, repeating steps (b) to (d) at least once at a desired time interval, comparing the chemical shifts obtained in step (d) at different time intervals, and calculating the contact stress applied to said sensor element at a desired time from a correlation of observed chemical shifts for normalized stresses (.sigma./K) for the sensor element.A method of measuring in vitro contact stress applied to a pressure sensor element, comprises placing the stress sensor element of the invention in contact with a biological tissue in culture, non-invasively subjecting the biological tissue to a nuclear magnetic resonance source effective to detect said NMR-detectible agent, obtaining the NMR spectrum of said agent, obtaining the chemical shifts from the spectrum, repeating steps (b) to (d) at least once at a desired time interval, comparing the chemical shifts obtained in step (d) at different time intervals, and calculating the contact stress applied to said sensor element of a desired time from a correlation of observed chemical shifts to normalized stresses (.pi./K) for the sensor element.
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公开(公告)号：US4995261A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-26
申请号：US424406
申请日：1989-10-20
Applicant: Stephen C. Jacobsen , John E. Wood
Inventor： Stephen C. Jacobsen , John E. Wood
CPC classification number: G01L1/14 , G01L1/005 , G01L1/2293
Abstract: A transducer for measuring strain in an object on which the transducer is placed includes a flexible, generally planar frame member for placement on the object. The frame member, in turn, includes a pair of generally parallel beams, one of which is moveable with respect to the other when the object is subjected to strain, and a plurality of spaced-apart laterally flexible connecting beams extending between the pair of beams. The transducer also includes a force field emitter disposed on the one moveable beam for producing a force field which diminishes in strength with distance from the force field emitter. A spacer plate is disposed on the other of said parallel beams and a substrate is disposed on the spacer plate so as to be be positioned above, but spaced from the frame member. A detection element is disposed on the underside of the substrate generally above the force field emitter for detecting the presence of the force field and for producing signals representing force field strength and thus the distance of the detecting element from the force field emitter.
Abstract translation: 用于测量放置换能器的物体中的应变的换能器包括用于放置在物体上的柔性大体平面的框架构件。 框架构件又包括一对大致平行的梁，当物体受到应变时，其一个可相对于另一个移动;以及多个间隔开的横向柔性的连接梁，该连接梁在该对梁 。 换能器还包括设置在一个可移动梁上的力场发射器，用于产生强力场，该力场随距离力场发射器的距离而减小。 间隔板设置在所述平行光束的另一个上，并且衬底设置在间隔板上，以便被定位在框架构件的上方但与框架构件隔开。 检测元件通常位于力场发射器的上方，用于检测力场的存在并用于产生表示力场强度的信号，从而产生检测元件距离力场发射器的距离。
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公开(公告)号：US4991150A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-05
申请号：US392052
申请日：1989-08-10
Applicant: Michael R. Wixom
Inventor： Michael R. Wixom
Abstract: A piezoelectric or ferroelectric stress sensing material in intimate electrical communication with an electroluminescent material produces light at an amplitude dependent on the stress applied to the stress sensing material. The light signal is transmitted from the electroluminescent material by fiber optic cable to an optical signal detector. In the preferred embodiments the electroluminescent material comprises a light emitting diode as a small electrical short circuit load across two otherwise insulated faces of a piezoelectric or ferroelectric element. The embodiments include a composite stress sensing and electroluminescent material, separate stress sensing and electroluminescent materials joined by conductive film, foil or wire and additional means to bias, amplify and control the optical signal produced by the electroluminescent material and transmitted by the fiber optic cable.
Abstract translation: 与电致发光材料紧密电连通的压电或铁电应力感测材料以取决于施加到应力感测材料的应力的幅度产生光。 光信号通过光纤电缆从电致发光材料传输到光信号检测器。 在优选实施例中，电致发光材料包括发光二极管作为压电或铁电元件的两个否则绝缘面上的小的电短路负载。 这些实施例包括复合应力感测和电致发光材料，分离的应力感测和通过导电膜，箔或线连接的电致发光材料，以及用于偏置，放大和控制由电致发光材料产生并由光缆传输的光信号的附加装置。
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215.发明授权Apparatus for measuring at least one component of the forces applied to a beam 失效用于测量施加到梁的力的至少一个分量的装置
公开(公告)号：US4472976A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-25
申请号：US280267
申请日：1981-07-02
Applicant: Georges L. Bonfils
Inventor： Georges L. Bonfils
Abstract: Apparatus for measuring at least one component of the forces applied to a beam comprises supports at a pair of spaced locations along the beam, each support having an arm, the arms extending axially toward each other. One arm carries a displacement sensor and the other arm carries a transmission element coupled to the moveable part of the displacement sensor. Each support represents arbitrary points d and e, and measurement of the component parallel to a straight line through the displacements of the point d with respect to the point e makes it possible to obtain the above-mentioned component. This result is independent of the position of the resultant of the forces applied to the beam with respect to the point of measurement.
Abstract translation: 用于测量施加到梁的力的至少一个部件的装置包括沿着梁的一对间隔位置处的支撑件，每个支撑件具有臂，臂部朝向彼此轴向延伸。 一个手臂承载位移传感器，另一个臂承载耦合到位移传感器的可移动部分的传动元件。 每个支撑表示任意点d和e，并且通过点d相对于点e的位移平行于直线的分量的测量使得可以获得上述分量。 该结果不依赖于相对于测量点施加到光束的力的结果的位置。
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US4282749A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-11
申请号：US116145
申请日：1980-01-28
Applicant: John D. Russell
Inventor： John D. Russell
Abstract: This invention relates to strain measuring systems. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the system comprises four (4) strain responsive tubes arranged in bridge fashion and carrying a fluid stream under pressure. As strain deforms the tubes the fluid flow is changed proportionate to the strain.
Abstract translation: 本发明涉及应变测量系统。 在本发明的一个优选实施例中，该系统包括四个（4）应变响应管，其以桥式方式布置并在压力下承载流体流。 随着应变使管变形，流体流动与应变成比例变化。
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公开(公告)号：US3992926A
公开(公告)日：1976-11-23
申请号：US599925
申请日：1975-07-28
Applicant: Robert C. Berryhill
Inventor： Robert C. Berryhill
Abstract: A pressure-measuring apparatus and method is described for providing a digital readout of the intra-ocular pressure of an eye. The apparatus comprises a transducer for applanating the cornea of an eye and providing a variable output proportional to pressure as the transducer is applied to the cornea. Electronic means responsive to a change in the output of the transducer is coupled to the transducer for providing a digital readout of the pressure sensed by the transducer when there is a change in the slope of the output of the transducer and the change in the slope has a predetermined polarity and exceeds a predetermined rate. Means are also provided for simultaneously displaying at least four digital readouts of pressure corresponding to four successive pressure measurements. The multiple readouts permit an operator to use the lowest of the four readouts as an accurate measure of intra-ocular pressure when the measurements are taken from a given eye.
Abstract translation: 描述了用于提供眼睛的眼内压力的数字读出的压力测量装置和方法。 该装置包括用于压平眼睛的角膜的换能器，并且当换能器被施加到角膜时提供与压力成比例的可变输出。 响应于换能器的输出变化的电子装置被耦合到换能器，用于当传感器的输出的斜率有变化并且斜率的变化具有 预定极性并超过预定速率。 还提供了用于同时显示与四个连续的压力测量相对应的压力的至少四个数字读数的装置。 当从给定的眼睛获取测量值时，多个读数允许操作者使用四个读数中的最低值作为眼内压的准确度量。
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公开(公告)号：US3623360A
公开(公告)日：1971-11-30
申请号：US3623360D
申请日：1970-03-24
Applicant: NASA
Inventor： BAKER CHARLES D
Abstract: A PRESSURE TRANSDUCER FOR USE IN SYSTEMS EMPLOYED IN MEASURING FORCES OF COMPRESSIONS, CHARACTERIZED BY A PLURALITY OF SPACED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVE ELEMENTS HAVING ININTERPOSED THEREBETWEEN ELECTRICAL INSULATORS OF A CONTROLLED RESILIENCY ADAPTED TO BE SEQUENTIALLY COLLAPSED THROUGH STRESS INDUCED IN THE PRESSURE OF AN APPLIED COMPRESSIVE FORCE OF A CONTINUOUSLY INCREASING MAGNITUDE FOR THEREBY ACCOMMODATING A SUCCESSIVE ENGAGEMENT OF THE ADJACENT SURFACE OF THE CONDUCTORS, WHEREBY A SERIES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS IS COMPLETED AS THE MAGNITUDE OF THE APPLIED FORCE IS INCREASED A FEATURE OF THE TRANSDUCER BEING THE EMPLOYMENT OF A CURRENT DETECTOR CIRCUIT CONNECTED WITH EACH OF THE CONDUCTORS SO THAT AS AN INCREASING COMPRESIVE FORCE IS APPLIED, AND SUCCESSIVE CONDUCTORS ARE BROUGHT INTO A CONTIGUOUS RELATIONSHIP, ADDITIONAL CIRCUIT ARE COMPLETED FOR THUS EXTABLISHING A SERIES OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS INDICATIVE OF THE MAGNITIDE OF THE APPLIED FORCE.
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公开(公告)号：US2847663A
公开(公告)日：1958-08-12
申请号：US52689955
申请日：1955-08-08
Applicant: GEN MILLS INC
Inventor： STODDARD ORREN J
CPC classification number: B25J13/082 , G01L1/005
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