Abstract:
A spectrophotometer system having a first stepper motor driving a wavelength scanning mechanism and a second stepper motor driving a chart recorder, both motors being operative in response to pulses from a system clock. The clock frequency is successively divided by first and second cascaded, switch-selectable sets of frequency dividers. The output of the first divider is applied to the wavelength motor and determines wavelength scan speed. The output of the second divider is applied to the chart motor and determines chart scale expansion. A decoder monitors the frequency selections of the first and second sets of frequency dividers, and upon detection of a frequency selection outside the capability of the chart motor, the decoder provides an output which inhibits both motors. The decoder output additionally actuates a visual indicator to inform an operator of the invalid selection.
Abstract:
A rapid scan spectrum identifier fur use in identifying infrared spectrum of the output of a gas chromatograph to identify its absorption characteristics and includes an infrared source and beam splitter, a double beam chopper for alternately sending the infrared beam through a sample or reference gas cell mounted in a suitable furnace, the output of which is recombined and analyzed by a monochromator having a narrow output passband of energy detected by a rapid response detector, the output of which is processed by suitable electronic circuitry to provide a readout. The monochromator is of the scanning type in which a grating is synchronously scanned with a circular variable filter so that the first order output of the grating is selectively passed and higher orders rejected by the filter. The sample and reference gas cell furnace assembly utilizes specially constructed sample and reference gas cells symmetrically mounted in a furnace arrangement for maintaining input gas streams at equal temperatures within each cell and above the temperature of condensation of the sample under investigation. The beam chopper contains associated photoelectronics for physically determining the location of a chopping blade to thereby provide gating signals for indicating the presence at the detector of a sample, reference, or a background signals. These grating signals are used in sample and hold circuits to convert an essentially digitally sampled output into a relatively smooth continuous curve indicative of the absorption of the sample so that the readout represents the sample absorption characteristics corrected for reference for the carrier gas and background effects. The instrument is designed to operate with scan rates of approximately 6 and 30 seconds.
Abstract:
An automatic spectrophotometric absorption analyzer for continuous determination of a plurality of components of a fluid sample, comprising a monochromator with a diffraction grating receiving the light transmitted by a vessel with transparent faces which contains said sample, a photoelectric converter so arranged that the light beam emerging from the monochromator falls on its sensitive element, a unit for determining cyclically a plurality of stop positions of said diffraction grating which define wavelengths corresponding to the absorption lines of components of said sample, and means for automatic computation of the concentration of said components from the signal which is delivered by the converter.
Abstract:
A method for focusing the horizontal and vertical components of energy reflected from an echelle grating which includes rotating the grating about a first axis substantially parallel to a prism face and rotating the grating about a second axis substantially normal to the first axis.
Abstract:
A STEPPING-MOTOR (OF THE TYPE WHICH MOVES IN A SERIES OF DISCRETE SMALL INCREMENTS) DRIVES THE DISPERSIVE ELEMENT OF AN OPTICAL MONOCHROMATOR, FOR EXAMPLE, THROUGH A VARIABLE GEAR REDUCTION TRANSMISSION ROTATING A CAMWHICH IN TURN ANGULARLY MOVES A LEVER ARM RIGIDLY CONNECTED TO, SAY, A DIFFRACTION GRATING. THE STEPPING-MOTOR MAY BE MOVED AT VARIOUS CONTINUOUS RATES BY SUPPLYING A SERIES OF EVENLY SPACED (IN TIME) PULSES AT ANY PARTICULAR DESIRED RATE. ALTERNATELY, BY PROVIDING A "BURST" OR "TRAIN" OF A PREDETERMINED NUMBER OF CLOSELY SPACED PULSES, THE STEPPING-MOTOR (AND THE ELEMENTS DRIVEN THEREBY) MAY BE RAPIDLY INDEXED TO A DESIRED SPECIFIC POSITION. ANOTHER INSTRUMENT OR COMPONENT OF THE SAME INSTRUMENT, SUCH AS THE CHART RECORDER OR OTHER READOUT MAY BE READILY SYCHRONIZED WITH THE MONOCHROMATOR STEPPING-MOTOR, BY UTILIZING AS ITS DRIVE A SECOND STEPPING-MOTOR, FED FROM THE SAME PULSE SOURCE.