Abstract:
An image sensor includes a substrate having a first surface, a charge storage portion disposed in the substrate, a light-blocking pattern disposed on the first surface overlapping the charge storage portion, and a low-refractive index pattern on the light-blocking pattern.
Abstract:
A memory system in accordance with an embodiment of the inventive concept includes a memory controller comprising a controller optical transmission unit photoelectrically-converting a data signal to output a first optical modulation signal and a second optical modulation signal, a first memory device which is optically connected with the memory controller to receive the first optical modulation signal, and a second memory device which is optically connected with the memory controller to receive the second optical modulation signal. The first optical modulation signal and the second optical modulation signal are complementary to each other.
Abstract:
An image sensor includes a first chip that includes a pixel region and a pad region, and a second chip that is in contact with one surface of the first chip and includes circuits that drive the first chip. The first chip includes a first substrate, an interlayer insulating layer disposed between the first substrate and the second chip, first interconnection lines disposed in the interlayer insulating layer, a conductive pad disposed in the pad region between the second chip and the first interconnection lines, and a recess region formed in the pad region that penetrates the first substrate and the interlayer insulating layer and exposes the conductive pad.
Abstract:
Image sensors and fabrication methods thereof. For example, the image sensor may include a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other, a plurality of pixels provided in the first substrate and arranged in pixel groups, each pixel group including four pixels arranged in two columns and two rows, a pixel separation structure in the first substrate and including a pixel group separation part that separates each pixel group from adjacent pixel groups and a pixel separation part that separates the pixels in each pixel group from each other, and a plurality of microlenses on the first surface and respectively overlapping the plurality of pixel groups. Each of the microlenses includes a central part that has a first curvature and an edge part that has a second curvature. The first curvature is less than the second curvature.
Abstract:
An optical communication apparatus and printed circuit board (PCB), which include an optical interface for realizing concurrent read and write operations, and a data processing system including a memory module and the PCB are provided. The optical communication apparatus includes an optical interface unit configured to output optical signal of first data and receive optical signal of second data simultaneously, and an optical bus configured to transmit the optical signals between the first optical interface unit and a second optical interface unit, the second optical interface unit being configured to receive the optical signal of the first data and output the optical signal of the second data simultaneously. The optical signal of the first data and the optical signal of the second data have polarizations, respectively, orthogonal to each other.