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公开(公告)号：US10924303B2
公开(公告)日：2021-02-16
申请号：US16291973
申请日：2019-03-04
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Anuj Batra , Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Eren Sasoglu
IPC: H04L25/02 , H04L9/06 , H04L9/08 , H04L25/03 , H04B1/711 , H04B7/0413 , G06F7/58 , H04L25/49 , H04B1/69 , H04B1/7163 , H04L9/12
Abstract: A secure training sequence (STS) is included in wireless packets communicated between electronic devices to assist with channel estimation and wireless ranging. The STS includes multiple STS segments generated based on outputs from a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG), the STS segments being separated by guard intervals and formatted in accordance with an 802.15.4 data symbol format that uses burst position modulation (BPM) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) to map bits from the CSPRNG to burst positions and pulse polarities for the STS symbols. Both a first electronic device, which generates the STS, and a second electronic device, which estimates a communication channel using the STS, have prior private knowledge of cryptographic keys required to generate a non-repetitive single-use pseudo-random (PR) sequence by the CSPRNG. The STS includes two burst position intervals per STS symbol and two possible burst positions within each burst position interval.
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公开(公告)号：US20200014526A1
公开(公告)日：2020-01-09
申请号：US16459733
申请日：2019-07-02
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Eren Sasoglu
Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are presented to generate, and verify reception of, ultra wideband (UWB) communications, e.g., to perform secure UWB ranging. Verifier and prover messages may be encoded on top of random cryptographically secure training sequence (STS) of pulses, organized in blocks such that a given block corresponds to a given message bit. In some scenarios, a first STS may be encoded using a verifier message not known to a recipient device. A second STS may be received from the recipient device, encoded with an unknown prover message. A third STS may also be received, encoded with an authentication message generated using the verifier message and the authentication message. Verification of the authentication message can therefore confirm that the recipient device received the first STS, and that the recipient device is the authentic source of the second STS. Thus, the second STS may be relied upon, e.g., for ranging calculations.
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公开(公告)号：US10171129B1
公开(公告)日：2019-01-01
申请号：US15681968
申请日：2017-08-21
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Eren Sasoglu
Abstract: Embodiments enable communicating Ultra Wideband (UWB) devices to collaborate by exchanging pulse shape information. The UWB devices use the pulse shape information to improve ranging accuracy. The improved ranging accuracy can be used in complex multipath environments where advanced estimation schemes are used to extract an arriving path for time-of-flight estimation. To determine the pulse shape information to be shared, some embodiments include determining location information of a UWB device and selecting the pulse shape information that satisfies regional aspects. The pulse shape information includes a time-zero index specific to a ranging signal that is used by UWB receivers to establish timestamps time-of-flight calculations. Some embodiments include measuring performance characteristics and selecting different pulse shape information based on the performance characteristics for improved accuracy.
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公开(公告)号：US11815616B2
公开(公告)日：2023-11-14
申请号：US17453163
申请日：2021-11-01
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Santhoshkumar Mani , Eren Sasoglu
CPC classification number: G01S5/0284 , H04B1/713 , H04W64/006 , H04W72/0446 , H01Q5/25
Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing a hybrid of ultra-wideband (UWB) and narrowband (NB) signaling to provide more efficient operating range and operating efficiency. In one example, a first subsystem of a first device may determine parameter data for a ranging round (e.g., UWB and/or NB-assisted (NBA) UWB multi-millisecond (MMS) ranging), and transmit the parameter data to a second subsystem of the first device. The parameter data may indicate a first time associated with a first time domain for performing ranging. The second subsystem may determine a second time based on the first time, whereby the second time is associated with a second time domain for performing NB signaling (e.g., via a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol). The first device may transmit via an NB signal an advertisement packet that indicates the second time. The first device may then initiate the ranging round at the first time.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US11349539B2
公开(公告)日：2022-05-31
申请号：US17052678
申请日：2018-06-29
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Oner Orhan , Brent Elliott , Hosein Nikopour , Eren Sasoglu , Shilpa Talwar
IPC: H04B7/06 , H04B1/44 , H04B7/0456
Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer readable medium for special thermal density reduction by antenna thinning. A system comprises N transmit/receive (TX/RX) chains, where each TX/RX chain comprises an RFFE and each RFFE comprises one or more thermal sensors configured to measure heat in the RFFE. An antenna array coupled to the plurality of TX/RX chains. A codebook that comprises a plurality of code words configured to respond to real-time heat measurements from the thermal sensors in each TX/RX chain is configured to switch off selected TX/RX chains to reduce thermal density at the antenna array while maintaining M RFFEs switched on, where M
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公开(公告)号：US20220141657A1
公开(公告)日：2022-05-05
申请号：US17453165
申请日：2021-11-01
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Santhoshkumar Mani , Eren Sasoglu
IPC: H04W12/06 , H04L25/02 , H04W12/0431
Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing a hybrid of ultra-wideband (UWB) and narrowband (NB) signaling to provide more efficient operating range and operating efficiency. In one example, a first device may transmit a first packet via an NB signal to a second device, whereby the first packet comprises information indicating to the second device a time period for reception of a second (UWB) packet. In this example, the second packet may comprise a first partition and a second partition, whereby the first partition comprises a first plurality of fragments and the second partition comprising a second plurality of fragments. The respective fragments of each plurality of fragments may be transmitted via a UWB signal. The first device may then transmit the first plurality of fragments, and then subsequently transmit the second plurality of fragments to the second device, the first and second pluralities respectively being associated with different fragment types.
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公开(公告)号：US20220137177A1
公开(公告)日：2022-05-05
申请号：US17453163
申请日：2021-11-01
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Santhoshkumar Mani , Eren Sasoglu
Abstract: Techniques are provided for utilizing a hybrid of ultra-wideband (UWB) and narrowband (NB) signaling to provide more efficient operating range and operating efficiency. In one example, a first subsystem of a first device may determine parameter data for a ranging round (e.g., UWB and/or NB-assisted (NBA) UWB multi-millisecond (MMS) ranging), and transmit the parameter data to a second subsystem of the first device. The parameter data may indicate a first time associated with a first time domain for performing ranging. The second subsystem may determine a second time based on the first time, whereby the second time is associated with a second time domain for performing NB signaling (e.g., via a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol). The first device may transmit via an NB signal an advertisement packet that indicates the second time. The first device may then initiate the ranging round at the first time.
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公开(公告)号：US11184153B2
公开(公告)日：2021-11-23
申请号：US16459733
申请日：2019-07-02
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Joachim S. Hammerschmidt , Eren Sasoglu
IPC: H04L29/06 , H04L9/06 , H04W12/106
Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are presented to generate, and verify reception of, ultra wideband (UWB) communications, e.g., to perform secure UWB ranging. Verifier and prover messages may be encoded on top of random cryptographically secure training sequence (STS) of pulses, organized in blocks such that a given block corresponds to a given message bit. In some scenarios, a first STS may be encoded using a verifier message not known to a recipient device. A second STS may be received from the recipient device, encoded with an unknown prover message. A third STS may also be received, encoded with an authentication message generated using the verifier message and the authentication message. Verification of the authentication message can therefore confirm that the recipient device received the first STS, and that the recipient device is the authentic source of the second STS. Thus, the second STS may be relied upon, e.g., for ranging calculations.
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公开(公告)号：US10887863B2
公开(公告)日：2021-01-05
申请号：US16805243
申请日：2020-02-28
Applicant: Apple Inc.
Inventor： Eren Sasoglu , Joachim S. Hammerschmidt
Abstract: Some embodiments include an apparatus, method, and computer program product for secure time-of-arrivals calculations in an ultra-wideband (UWB) system. Some embodiments include a UWB receiver that can inspect a channel impulse response (CIR) between a first and second electronic device and identify one or more first path candidates (FPCs). For a candidate path, the UWB receiver can identify subsequent paths that create inter-pulse interference (IPI) on the candidate path. Using estimates for the interfering path strengths (e.g., channel coefficients from the CIR) and the known cryptographically sequence of pulse polarities (SPP), the UWB receiver can reduce the IPI from these interfering paths on the FPCs, and then make decisions based at least on the remaining pulse polarities, whether the one or more FPCs comprise a legitimate transmission signal.
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