Abstract:
An internal combustion engine includes a block having a plurality of cylinders. An intake manifold is fluidly connected to the block for supplying charge air to the cylinders. An exhaust manifold is fluidly connected to the plurality of cylinders for conducting exhaust gas away from the cylinders. A turbocharger including a turbine having an exhaust gas inlet is fluidly connected with the exhaust manifold. The turbocharger also includes a compressor having a compressor air inlet and air outlet. The compressor air outlet is fluidly connected to the intake manifold to pressurize the charge air during high power levels of engine operation. An EGR bypass is fluidly connected between the turbine exhaust gas inlet and the intake manifold to recirculate a portion of the exhaust gases to the cylinders. An intake air bypass is fluidly connected between the compressor air outlet and the compressor air inlet. The intake air bypass is adapted to recirculate a portion of compressor outlet air back to the compressor air inlet to reduce compressor outlet pressure and aid EGR flow through the EGR bypass to the cylinders during high power operation of the engine.
Abstract:
A method for controlling an internal combustion engine having an EGR circuit including an exhaust gas recirculation valve for diverting exhaust gas from an engine exhaust to an engine intake includes ascertaining a predefined threshold based on at least one engine operating condition and preventing the EGR valve from opening if the at least one engine operating condition is below the predefined threshold to reduce or eliminate visible black smoke which may occur during transient conditions. In one embodiment, the engine operating condition represents EGR boost pressure.
Abstract:
A system and method for monitoring engine operating data include monitoring various engine operating parameters and periodically storing engine data when corresponding criteria are met. In one embodiment, enigne operating parameters may include engine speed, powertrain demand, or a fluid temperature, for example. Engine operating data such as oil pressure, turbo boost pressure, battery voltage, fuel economy, oil temperature, coolant temperature, maximum RPM, maximum vehicle speed, and throttle position sensor voltage, for example may be stored for trending and analysis. In addition, engine components may be monitored to determine service or replacement.
Abstract:
A hydrolyzed lignosulfonate-acrylonitrile graft copolymer matrix providing a slow release solubility to fertilizers. The hydrolysis of the graft copolymer of lignosulfonate and acrylonitrile may be carried out in the presence of an alkali in situ during the fertilizer manufacturing process or in a prehydrolysis step with subsequent use of the hydrolyzed copolymer in the fertilizer manufacturing process to provide a controlled release formulation for various fertilizers.
Abstract:
A hydrolyzed lignosulfonate-acrylonitrile graft copolymer matrix providing a slow release solubility to fertilizers. The hydrolysis of the graft copolymer of lignosulfonate and acrylonitrile may be carried out in the presence of an alkali in situ during the fertilizer manufacturing process or in a prehydrolysis step with subsequent use of the hydrolyzed copolymer in the fertilizer manufacturing process to provide a controlled release formulation for various fertilizers.
Abstract:
Asphalt emulsion conditioner compositions, derived from spent sulfite liquor lignosulfonates, and asphalt emulsions produced from such compositions are provided. The emulsions are of the slow-setting, anionic type and are further characterized by their ability to remain stable on storage although produced with equipment that generates a wide range of shearing forces. Such characteristics are imparted to the asphalt emulsions through the use of emulsion-conditioner compositions comprising a partially desulfonated lignosulfonate, preferably an anionic or nonionic emulsifying agent and, optionally, a thickener.
Abstract:
Wells and like borings into the earth's surface, especially those for the production of petroleum and gas, are very well and efficaciously cemented with cement compositions or pastes containing, as their effective gel control and cement set retardation agent, an additive that is a resulfonated, alkaline oxidized, hydrolyzed, partially desulfonated lignosulfonate product.
Abstract:
In an air flow responsive injection lubricator the air flow responder, a lubricant reservoir, and a pump are stacked vertically, the reservoir also serving as an accumulator which prevents air bubbles from reaching the injector. Nesting of the responder and reservoir reduces size to about that of a conventional airline lubricator. The reservoir and an interior lubricant delivery duct are transparent for observation of a shiny cylindrical material bobber in the duct.
Abstract:
This wrench includes a pair of handle members, pivotally attached at one end and having jaws at the other end. The jaw opening is determined by the relative angularity of the handles and is controlled by an independent adjustment member which extends through the handle members adjacent the jaws and is movable relative to the handle members to different positions corresponding to specific jaw openings. The adjustment can be achieved by means of interengaging flats which are provided on the adjustment member and the handle members and the range of adjustment can be changed by a substitution of parts.
Abstract:
A portable sander having an air motor with an output shaft driving an eccentric, parallel shaft on which an inverted cupshaped casing is journaled for eccentric motion about the driving shaft. A pinion gear is fast on the motor housing around the motor shaft and meshes with a larger ring gear fast in the upper end of the casing to rotate the casing about an eccentric axis as it moves about the axis of the driving shaft. The casing carries a rubbing shoe to which a sheet of sandpaper is attached for contact with a work surface.