公开(公告)号：US06726133B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-27

申请号：US09945570

申请日：2001-08-31

申请人： William E. Hahn ,  Charles A. Arnold

发明人： William E. Hahn ,  Charles A. Arnold

IPC分类号： B02C1912

CPC分类号： B02C13/282 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C19/005 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B02C2201/04 ,  C01B32/05 ,  Y10S977/775 ,  Y10S977/84

摘要： The invention provides methods of disintegrating or reducing the particle size of elemental materials, such as various forms of carbon, and organic crystals that contain minerals and that do not contain minerals. The method include the steps of entraining the material in a gas flow through an inlet of a housing, subjecting the flowing material to a plurality of alternating pressure increases and decreases within the housing, disintegrating the flowing material with the pressure increases and decreases, thereby reducing the mean particle size of the material, and discharging the disintegrated material though an outlet of the housing.

公开(公告)号：US06669752B2

公开(公告)日：2003-12-30

申请号：US10156313

申请日：2002-05-28

申请人： Charles A. Arnold ,  Arthur Wallace

发明人： Charles A. Arnold ,  Arthur Wallace

IPC分类号： C05C1100

CPC分类号： C08J3/12 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/005 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B02C2201/04 ,  C08J2333/26 ,  C09K17/16 ,  C09K17/40 ,  Y10S47/10 ,  Y10S71/903 ,  Y10T428/2982

摘要： A method of producing an aqueous solution of water-soluble polyacrylamide (PAM) with a concentration of at least about 5 grams per liter includes the steps of providing a monovalent or divalent cation salt solution, and preferably a calcium salt solution, and adding water-soluble PAM particles to the salt solution such that the PAM particles are essentially all dissolved within about 10 seconds. The PAM particles are characterized by a particle size that is about −100 mesh and consisting essentially of molecules having a molecular weight of at least about 15 million a.u. Preferably, the small PAM particles are produced by a mill that produces bulk quantities of small dry, flowable PAM particles from larger commercial grade particles. Small PAM particles produced in such a mill are essentially all soluble in plain water within about 10 seconds. After solution, the polymer concentrate can be diluted with water to make stock solutions of the polymer for some purposes. For other purposes the concentrate can be injected directly into irrigation systems. Effectiveness of the water-soluble polyacrylamide as a soil conditioner is considerably increased by co-use with a calcium salt, gypsum, fertilizer salts, or a combination of these salts, in addition to the increased ease of making solutions.

公开(公告)号：US06991189B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-31

申请号：US10793716

申请日：2004-03-05

申请人： William E. Hahn ,  Charles A. Arnold

发明人： William E. Hahn ,  Charles A. Arnold

IPC分类号： B02C19/12

CPC分类号： B02C13/282 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C19/005 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B02C2201/04 ,  C01B32/05 ,  Y10S977/775 ,  Y10S977/84

摘要： The invention provides methods of disintegrating or reducing the particle size of elemental materials, such as various forms of carbon, and organic crystals that contain minerals and that do not contain minerals. The method include the steps of entraining the material in a gas flow through an inlet of a housing, subjecting the flowing material to a plurality of alternating pressure increases and decreases within the housing, disintegrating the flowing material with the pressure increases and decreases, thereby reducing the mean particle size of the material, and discharging the disintegrated material though an outlet of the housing.

公开(公告)号：US06405948B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-18

申请号：US09385152

申请日：1999-08-30

申请人： William E. Hahn ,  Charles A. Arnold

发明人： William E. Hahn ,  Charles A. Arnold

IPC分类号： B02C1912

CPC分类号： B02C19/005 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B02C2201/04

摘要： A method of liberating intracellular matter from biological material having cells with cell walls includes subjecting the biological material to rapid pressure increases and decreases, and exceeding the elastic limit of the cell walls with the pressure increases and decreases, thereby opening the cell walls and liberating the intracellular material from the cells. This produces a heterogenous mixture of cell wall fragments and the intracellular material. Where the biological material includes pieces of plant animal or fungal material, the method can further include separating the cells of the pieces from each other with the pressure increases and decreases when the elastic limit of intercellular bonds are exceeded. Water and volatiles in the biological material is liberated and vaporized, producing a substantially dry mixture having a lower water content than the original material.

摘要翻译： 从具有细胞壁的细胞的生物材料中释放细胞内物质的方法包括使生物材料经受快速压力升高和降低，并且超过细胞壁的弹性极限随压力增加和减小，由此打开细胞壁并释放 来自细胞的细胞内物质。 这产生细胞壁碎片和细胞内物质的异质混合物。 当生物材料包括植物动物或真菌材料片时，该方法还可以包括当超过细胞间键的弹性极限时，将片的细胞彼此分离，同时压力增加和减小。 生物材料中的水和挥发物被释放​​并蒸发，产生的水含量低于原始材料的基本上干燥的混合物。

公开(公告)号：US6135370A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-24

申请号：US290483

申请日：1999-04-12

申请人： Charles A. Arnold

发明人： Charles A. Arnold

IPC分类号： B02C13/14 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/00 ,  B02C19/18

CPC分类号： B29B17/02 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/005 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B29B17/0404 ,  B02C2201/04 ,  B29K2021/00 ,  B29K2105/06 ,  B29K2705/12 ,  B29L2030/00 ,  Y02W30/622 ,  Y02W30/625

摘要： An apparatus pulverizes material composed of wet or dry discrete objects into relatively smaller particles with shock waves created by flowing the material through a housing having alternating rotors and orifice plates. The housing includes a first end having a feed chute for introducing the material into the housing, a second end having an opening for removing the smaller particles, and internal sides meeting in corners, which extend longitudinally between the first and second ends. A rotatable shaft extends substantially along a longitudinal central axis of the housing. Rotors each include a hub coupled to the shaft for rotation therewith, a substantially polygonal-shaped rotor plate centrally fixed to the hub and having apices, and a plurality of vanes each vanes extending approximately radially inward on a side of the rotor plate from an apex. Each orifice plate extends inwardly from the internal sides of the housing to a central aperture which provides an orifice around the shaft. Circumferentially spaced members are located proximate the rotors, wherein the members extend inwardly from the corners of the housing toward the rotors.

摘要翻译： 一种装置将由湿或干离散物体组成的材料粉碎成相对较小的颗粒，其具有通过使材料流过具有交替的转子和孔板的壳体而产生的冲击波。 壳体包括具有用于将材料引入壳体的进料槽的第一端，具有用于移除较小颗粒的开口的第二端和在第一和第二端之间纵向延伸的角部的内侧。 旋转轴基本上沿壳体的纵向中心轴线延伸。 转子各自包括联接到轴的轮毂以与其一起旋转，中心地固定到轮毂并具有顶点的基本上为多边形的转子板，以及多个叶片，每个叶片从转子板的侧面大致径向向内延伸， 。 每个孔板从壳体的内侧向内延伸到中心孔，该中心孔围绕轴提供孔口。 圆周间隔的构件位于转子附近，其中构件从壳体的角部向着转子向内延伸。

公开(公告)号：US06889471B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-10

申请号：US09843608

申请日：2001-04-26

申请人： Charles A. Arnold ,  Arthur Wallace

发明人： Charles A. Arnold ,  Arthur Wallace

IPC分类号： B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/00 ,  B02C19/18 ,  C05G3/00 ,  C08J3/05 ,  C08J3/12 ,  C09K17/16 ,  C09K17/40 ,  C05C11/00 ,  C09H3/00

CPC分类号： C08J3/05 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/005 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B02C2201/04 ,  C05G3/007 ,  C08J3/12 ,  C08J2333/26 ,  C09K17/16 ,  C09K17/40 ,  Y10S47/10 ,  Y10S71/903

摘要： A stable aqueous suspension of water-soluble polyacrylamide particles is in a saturated solution of an ammonium salt. The polyacrylamide particles are characterized by a particle size of about −150 mesh, and preferably −270 mesh, with −400 mesh most preferred. The suspension is at least about 2.5% by weight polyacrylamide. When the ammonium salt is ammonium sulfate, PAM concentrations as high as about 15% by weight can be achieved while still being easily flowable. The suspension is made by stirring the small particle PAM into the saturated ammonium salt solution. The PAM can be quickly dissolved to form a less concentrated PAM solution by adding the suspension to water or to a dilute solution, which can include calcium salts or other soil enhancers.

摘要翻译： 稳定的水溶性聚丙烯酰胺颗粒的水悬浮液在饱和的铵盐溶液中。 聚丙烯酰胺颗粒的特征在于大约-150目，优选-270目，最优选-400目的粒度。 悬浮液为至少约2.5重量％的聚丙烯酰胺。 当铵盐为硫酸铵时，可以实现高达约15重量％的PAM浓度，同时仍然易于流动。 通过将小颗粒PAM搅拌到饱和的铵盐溶液中来制备悬浮液。 通过将悬浮液加入到水中或稀释的溶液中，其可以快速溶解以形成较不浓缩的PAM溶液，其可以包括钙盐或其它土壤增强剂。

公开(公告)号：US06395051B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09356271

申请日：1999-07-16

申请人： Charles A. Arnold ,  Arthur Wallace

发明人： Charles A. Arnold ,  Arthur Wallace

IPC分类号： C08L3900

CPC分类号： C08J3/12 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/005 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B02C2201/04 ,  C08J2333/26 ,  C09K17/16 ,  C09K17/40 ,  Y10S47/10 ,  Y10S71/903 ,  Y10T428/2982

摘要： A method of producing an aqueous solution of water-soluble polyacrylamide (PAM) with a concentration of at least about 5 grams per liter includes the steps of providing a monovalent or divalent cation salt solution, and preferably a calcium salt solution, and adding water-soluble PAM particles to the salt solution such that the PAM particles are essentially all dissolved within about 10 seconds. The PAM particles are characterized by a particle size that is about −100 mesh and consisting essentially of molecules having a molecular weigtht of at least about 15 million a.u. Preferably, the small PAM particles are produced by a mill that produces bulk quantities of small dry, flowable PAM particles from larger commercial grade particles. Small PAM particles produced in such a mill are essentially all soluble in plain water within about 10 seconds. After solution, the polymer concentrate can be diluted with water to make stock solutions of the polymer for some purposes. For other purposes the concentrate can be injected directly into irrigation systems. Effectiveness of the water-soluble polyacrylamide as a soil conditioner is considerably increased by co-use with a calcium salt, gypsum, fertilizer salts, or a combination of these salts, in addition to the increased ease of making solutions.

摘要翻译： 浓度为至少约5克/升的水溶性聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）水溶液的制备方法包括提供一价或二价阳离子盐溶液，优选钙盐溶液的步骤， 可溶性PAM颗粒到盐溶液中，使得PAM颗粒基本上全部溶解在约10秒钟内。 PAM颗粒的特征在于粒度约为-100目，并且基本上由具有至少约1500万a.u的分子量的分子组成。 优选地，小的PAM颗粒是由磨机产生的，其从较大的商业级颗粒产生大量的小的干燥，可流动的PAM颗粒。 在这种磨机中生产的小PAM颗粒在约10秒内基本上都可溶于纯水中。 在溶液之后，聚合物浓缩物可以用水稀释以制备聚合物的储备溶液用于某些目的。 为了其他目的，浓缩液可以直接注入灌溉系统。 通过与钙盐，石膏，肥料盐或这些盐的组合共同使用，水溶性聚丙烯酰胺作为土壤调节剂的有效性除了增加制备溶液的容易程度外，还大大提高。

公开(公告)号：US06227473B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

申请号：US09290484

申请日：1999-04-12

申请人： Charles A. Arnold

发明人： Charles A. Arnold

IPC分类号： B02C1918

CPC分类号： B29B17/02 ,  B02C13/18 ,  B02C13/282 ,  B02C19/005 ,  B02C19/0081 ,  B02C19/18 ,  B02C2201/04 ,  B29B17/0404 ,  B29K2021/00 ,  B29K2105/06 ,  B29K2705/12 ,  B29L2030/00 ,  Y02W30/622 ,  Y02W30/625

摘要： An apparatus pulverizes material composed of wet or dry discrete objects into relatively smaller particles with shock waves created by flowing the material through a housing having alternating rotors and orifice plates. The housing includes a first end having a feed chute for introducing the material into the housing, a second end having an opening for removing the smaller particles, and internal sides meeting in corners, which extend longitudinally between the first and second ends. A rotatable shaft extends substantially along a longitudinal central axis of the housing. Rotors each include a hub coupled to the shaft for rotation therewith, a substantially polygonal-shaped rotor plate centrally fixed to the hub and having apices, and a plurality of vanes each vanes extending approximately radially inward on a side of the rotor plate from an apex. Each orifice plate extends inwardly from the internal sides of the housing to a central aperture which provides an orifice around the shaft. Circumferentially spaced members are located proximate the rotors, wherein the members extend inwardly from the corners of the housing toward the rotors.

摘要翻译： 一种装置将由湿或干离散物体组成的材料粉碎成相对较小的颗粒，其具有通过使材料流过具有交替的转子和孔板的壳体而产生的冲击波。 壳体包括具有用于将材料引入壳体的进料槽的第一端，具有用于移除较小颗粒的开口的第二端和在第一和第二端之间纵向延伸的角部的内侧。 旋转轴基本上沿壳体的纵向中心轴线延伸。 转子各自包括联接到轴的轮毂以与其一起旋转，中心地固定到轮毂并具有顶点的基本上为多边形的转子板，以及多个叶片，每个叶片从转子板的侧面大致径向向内延伸， 。 每个孔板从壳体的内侧向内延伸到中心孔，该中心孔围绕轴提供孔口。 圆周间隔的构件位于转子附近，其中构件从壳体的角部向着转子向内延伸。