Abstract:
The inventive mass spectrometer operates with an inhomogeneous oscillatory electric field and operates with the continuous injection of charged particles into the electric field. Particles of all species are acted upon by the field, and some of the species ultimately are detected to produce an output which is random with respect to the phase of the oscillatory field. Appropriate parameters of the electric field are varied so that ions of some species bunch up and produce output pulses which are above the random output caused by the detection of the other species which do not bunch. Detection of these pulses and their relationship to the phase of oscillation of the electric field uniquely identifies the bunched species in accordance with the mass-to-charge ratio. Different species can be identified by properly readjusting the electric field parameters to cause bunching of the different species.
Abstract:
A holographic system capable of forming images of both stationary objects and objects that are moving with respect to the holographic system is described which includes means for irradiating an object with coherent, long wavelength radiation such as coherent acoustic or radio waves. The system also includes a receiving surface for receiving this radiation from the object and producing a plurality of electrical signals, each with a phase and amplitude determined by the nature of the object irradiated and equal to the phase and amplitude of the radiation received from the object at a particular position on the receiving surface. A hologram is produced from these signals by processing apparatus including gating means responsive to an electric reference signal which allows only those electric signals representing radiation received during a selected time interval to be further processed and used in forming the hologram. This time interval is selected considering the velocity of the relative movement between the object and the receiving means so that there will not be enough motion to degrade the hologram during the time interval in which signals which are actually used to form the hologram are received.
Abstract:
Method and apparatus of seismic holographic exploration whereby acoustic energy is directed through the earth''s surface to an underground object of which a hologram is to be made. This acoustic energy is transmitted at a first frequency and then the energy reflected both from the object and a mask between the object and the earth''s surface is detected. Subsequently, acoustic energy at a second frequency is transmitted and that from the mask is detected. The detected energy is then processed so as to remove non-desired components and thereby isolate the desired components required to develop the hologram of the object.
Abstract:
A spectrometer employing the principles of single point holograms, that is, Fresnel zone plate patterns (FZP), is described. The holographic recording medium and the pinhole required for making an FZP are permanently arranged on opposite sides of a transparent support medium. The interference pattern is then recorded by illuminating the recording medium with monochromatic light of a selected wavelength. Spectral analysis of light which is not monochromatic can later be made by illuminating the recorded interference pattern and by varying the optical path length between the interference pattern and a second pinhole positioned in front of a detector. Changes in the optical path between the second pinhole and the interference pattern correspond to changes in the wavelength of light which is focused on the permanently positioned pinhole. Different wavelengths can thus be detected by varying the optical path length between the second pinhole and the interference pattern and noting the intensity which passes through the fixed pinhole. The permanent mounting relationship of the illuminated pinhole and the interference pattern eliminates the usual difficulty of aligning these two components to some small fraction of a wavelength, and any aberrations produced by the structure or recording medium are cancelled during the illumination of the pattern.
Abstract:
A tire pressure indicating arrangement in which a passive transponding element is used as the tire pressure condition responsive sensor at each tire and an active transmitter is used to interrogate either successively or simultaneously each transponder, each of which is in turn adapted to transpond back to a receiver in response to the transmitter signal in the event tire pressure declines to an unsafe level. The receiver signal is then used to activate an alarm or indicating device.
Abstract:
A system for increasing the field of view of an array of detectors is described. The system also unambiguously positions the target with respect to the normal to the array. These advantages are obtained by periodically linearly moving, or vibrating, the array along an axis within the plane of the array. The frequency of vibration is constant and is selected for convenient detection and measurement. The amplitude of vibration is related to the spacing of the detectors within the array so that expanding the equation describing the field of view of a single detector as a Taylor series along the axis of vibration yields an expression containing frequency components which are readily detected and separated to thereby effectively double the density of detectors within the array.