Disclosed are parallel encoding and decoding method and apparatus, a computer device, a storage medium, and a computer program product. The method includes: acquiring a synchronization node corresponding to a codec core, and transmitting a frame synchronization detection request to the synchronization node based on a frame to be encoded and decoded; acquiring a frame synchronization result corresponding to the frame synchronization detection request; and determining a encoding and decoding mode for the frame to be encoded and decoded based on the frame synchronization result, and encoding and decoding the frame to be encoded and decoded based on the encoding and decoding mode. By using the method, a plurality of codec cores can be employed to code and decode different frames in the same video in parallel, thereby improving the frame rate.