A block copolymer includes a polystyrene block including a styrene unit, and a polyalkyl (meth)acrylate block including an alkyl (meth)acrylate unit. The block copolymer includes an organic group that is bound to at least one end of a main chain of the block copolymer and that comprises a hetero atom. A polymerization initiation end of the block copolymer includes a structure derived from an alkyl lithium. The organic group included in the block copolymer includes a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, a tin atom, or a combination thereof, or is represented by formula (1). R1 represents a single bond or a divalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or the like.