Systems and methods to determine image pixel status on a hardware display are provided. The systems and methods can determine a status of a uniquely identifiable measurement pixel of a first content item displayed on a display of a client device. The status can indicate that the measurement pixel is present in a viewable region of the display. The systems and methods can receive viewability variables from the client device. The viewability variables can include information regarding physical and electrical characteristics of the display, and can include information regarding data displayed on the display. The systems and methods can generate a view probability predictive model based on statuses and viewability variables determined from other client devices that previously displayed content items having measurement pixels.