A storage controller for writing first data to a first memory cell by performing programming of the first memory cell N-times, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, includes a write amplification manager and a central processing unit. The write amplification manager checks whether the first data is invalid data before an Nth programming of the first memory cell is performed, and the central processing unit does not perform the N-th programming of the first memory cell when the first data is the invalid data.