The invention discloses a hydraulic control system. The hydraulic control system involves an oil cylinder, a reversing valve, a hydraulic control open-type one-way valve, a first hydraulic control close-type one-way valve, an energy accumulator and a control valve. The oil cylinder comprises a cylinder body and a piston rod, the piston rod is suitable for being connected with a tail gate, the reversing valve has a first state, an intermediate state and a second state, and the control valve has a first switching position, a second switching position and a third switching position. According tothe hydraulic control system, the control valve has three switching states, and the first hydraulic control close-type one-way valve and the hydraulic control open-type one-way valve are hydraulic control valves, so that opening of the tail gate can be ensured without continuously energy output of the energy accumulator in the emergency state, the efficiency of the energy accumulator is greatly improved, the control logic of the hydraulic control system is simplified and is simple, and the cost of the hydraulic control system is reduced.