The invention discloses a rock-soil automatic recognition naming method and system based on deep learning. The neural network image recognition technology based on deep learning is applied to automatic detection of rock-soil automatic recognition naming, and the deep learning network is enabled to automatically output a rock-soil geological category prediction result by constructing and training the deep learning network. The automatic recognition technology has relatively high accuracy. Errors existing in traditional manual judgment of rock-soil geological categories are reduced. The rock core image recognition efficiency and the accuracy are improved. Therefore, the engineering labor cost is saved. The real-time recognition and classification can be achieved, information can be input intime, the processing progress of field problems can be effectively tracked, image data are stored and shared on a platform, and an image classification management system is optimized.